Unit 2 (Part #2) - Cognition (Memory, Thinking, Problem Solving)

Thinking about thinking

• amnesia

• retrieval failure

• testing effect

• metacognition

occurs when random events seem less likely due to their frequency in the past

• Gambler’s fallacy

• sunk cost fallacy

• change blindness.

• door-in-the-face.

overestimating the prevalence of events by how easily a person can recall instances of the event.

• Availability Heuristic

• Representative Heuristic

look for evidence to confirm our pre-existing expectation and seek out evidence to reassure us in our choices or decisions

• confirmation bias

• self-serving bias

• framing

• priming

frameworks for thinking and represent our basic knowledge of a situation or problem.

• schemas

• mental set

• framing

• priming

trying to solve a problem using a way that worked in the past;

using prior experiences that were successful.

• confirmation bias

• mental set

• framing

• priming

thinking outside the box, is associated with creativity.

(generating multiple potential solutions)

• convergent thinking

• divergent thinking

• functional fixedness

• mental set

sorting through multiple pieces of information to come to a single, best conclusion.

• convergent thinking

• divergent thinking

• functional fixedness

• mental set

brain part responsible for planning & reasoning (executive functioning)

• prefrontal cortex

• hippocampus

• cerebellum

• sensory cortex

quick decision using first info that comes to mind (the most "available" info)

• Representative Heuristic

• Availability Heuristic

• Gambler's Fallacy

• Sunk-Cost Fallacy