Unit 7 - The Middle Ages

What arrangement defined the relationship between a lord and a vassal?

• The vassal agreed to construct a city on the lord's land.

• The lord promised to protect the vassal from attacks.

• The lord provided land in return for military support.

• The vassal offered to build a monastery in exchange for food.

Which feature does NOT belong to Gothic cathedrals?

• Colorful stained glass windows

• Arched flying buttresses

• High, vaulted ceilings

• Thick, heavy walls

Which of the following did NOT help improve medieval farming practices?

• The use of a horse-drawn collar

• Rotating crops with the three-field system

• Plowing with a heavy iron plow

• Machines such as tractors

During the Battle of _________, Charles Martel’s forces stopped the advance of a Muslim army in 732.

• Verdun

• Tours

• Westphalia

• Paris

What was the primary objective of the Crusades?

• To spread Christianity to different continents

• To recapture Jerusalem and other Holy Land regions

• To increase trade across Europe, Asia, and Africa

• To convince the Byzantines to adopt Catholicism

Who were the workers tied to the land they farmed within a fief?

• Enslaved people

• Common peasants

• Serfs

• Free landowners

What caused the Great Schism during the Middle Ages?

• Translating the Bible into local languages

• Fear of being excommunicated for breaking Church rules

• Multiple Popes claiming leadership of the Church

• The growing influence of Islam in Europe

Based on the route map, which islands did the Third Crusade encounter?

• Sardinia, Crete, and Corsica

• Cyprus and Corsica

• Crete and Cyprus

• Corsica and Sardinia

What was the most significant long-term outcome of the Hundred Years' War?

• It fostered stronger national identities in England and France.

• Joan of Arc became a symbol of French unity and sainthood.

• Entire towns in England were devastated.

• It ended the traditional three-field farming system.

What sparked the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV?

• Disputes over the rule of the Papal States

• The authority to appoint bishops in secular positions

• Whether the Church could collect tithes

• The process for appointing new Popes