Chemistry 20-11-24

What is the difference between an alkane and an alkene?

• Alkanes have a higher boiling point than alkenes.

• Alkanes are always gaseous; alkenes are always liquid.

• Alkanes contain oxygen; alkenes do not.

• Alkanes have only single bonds; alkenes have at least one double bond.

What role does stereoisomerism play in the behavior of organic compounds?

• Stereoisomerism has no impact on the reactivity of organic compounds.

• Stereoisomerism involves compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, which can significantly affect their chemical behavior.

• Stereoisomerism is only relevant in inorganic chemistry.

• Stereoisomerism refers to compounds that have different molecular formulas but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms, which can significantly affect their chemical behavior.

What are the characteristics of a gas that distinguish it from solids and liquids?

• Gases have a definite shape and volume.

• Gases are denser than solids and liquids.

• Gases cannot be compressed under pressure.

• Gases have no fixed shape or volume, can expand to fill their container, have low density, and are highly compressible.

Name the functional group that characterizes carboxylic acids.

• Carbonyl group (-C=O)

• Amino group (-NH2)

• Hydroxyl group (-OH)

• Carboxyl group (-COOH)

What is the general formula for alkenes?

• C_nH_(2n-2)

• C_nH_(2n)

• C_nH_(2n+1)

• C_nH_(2n+2)

Define structural isomerism and provide an example.

• An example of structural isomerism is butane (C4H10), which has two structural isomers: n-butane (a straight chain) and isobutane (a branched chain).

• Structural isomerism only applies to cyclic compounds.

• An example of structural isomerism is ethanol (C2H5OH).

• Structural isomerism refers to isomers that differ in their molecular formula.

How do intermolecular forces affect the properties of gases?

• Gases have no intermolecular forces, leading to fixed volume and shape.

• Intermolecular forces in gases are strong, resulting in high density and low compressibility.

• Intermolecular forces in gases are weak, leading to low density, high compressibility, and the ability to expand and fill containers.

• Intermolecular forces in gases cause them to condense into liquids at room temperature.

Differentiate between cis and trans isomers in alkenes.

• Trans isomers have a higher boiling point than cis isomers.

• Cis isomers are always more stable than trans isomers.

• Cis isomers have substituents on the same side of the double bond; trans isomers have substituents on opposite sides.

• Cis isomers have substituents on opposite sides of the double bond; trans isomers have substituents on the same side.

What is the role of functional groups in determining the reactivity of organic compounds?

• Functional groups have no impact on organic compounds.

• Functional groups only affect the color of organic compounds.

• Reactivity is solely determined by molecular weight.

• Functional groups dictate the reactivity of organic compounds by influencing their chemical behavior and interactions.

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

• Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds.

• There is no difference; both terms refer to the same type of compounds.

• Saturated hydrocarbons are always gases, while unsaturated hydrocarbons are always liquids.

• Saturated hydrocarbons have a higher molecular weight than unsaturated hydrocarbons.