Unit 4_Week 2_Vocab/Concepts Quiz

This English philosopher promoted the scientific method, emphasizing observation and experimentation to form knowledge.

• Francis Bacon

• René Descartes

• Blaise Pascal

• Immanuel Kant

The method of reasoning that draws general conclusions from specific observations, relying heavily on empirical evidence.

• Deductive thought

• Inductive reasoning, empiricism

• Cartesian doubt

• General will

A French philosopher who argued that reasoning begins with general principles, famously stating “I think, therefore I am.”

• John Locke

• René Descartes

• David Hume

• Denis Diderot

Descartes’ philosophical approach that starts by doubting everything to establish certainty.

• Tabula rasa

• Cartesian doubt

• Empiricism

• Rationalism

This French mathematician proposed a wager arguing it is better to believe in God than risk eternal damnation.

• Blaise Pascal

• Adam Smith

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Cesare Beccaria

The political philosopher who wrote Leviathan and argued that humans need strong centralized authority to avoid chaos.

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Montesquieu

An English physician who discovered the circulation of blood, refuting ancient medical theories.

• William Harvey

• Edward Jenner

• John Hunter

• William Smellie

This theory advocates for one ruler holding all power within a state, often supported by the divine right of kings.

• Absolutism

• Social contract

• General will

• Separation of powers

An English philosopher who argued for natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, and supported the social contract.

• John Locke

• David Hume

• Voltaire

• Denis Diderot

The idea that the human mind is a blank slate at birth, shaped entirely by experience.

• Cartesian doubt

• Tabula rasa

• Rationalism

• General will