Pumped Hydro Energy Storage

What is the primary purpose of pumped hydro energy storage (PHES)?

• Generate electricity using fossil fuels

• Store excess energy for later use

• Reduce water consumption in reservoirs

• Increase the production of coal-based energy

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What powers the turbines in a pumped hydro system?

• Solar panels

• Wind energy

• Flowing water

• Chemical reactions

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What is the typical efficiency range for energy conversion in PHES systems?

• 40%-60%

• 60%-70%

• 70%-85%

• 85%-95%

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Which of the following best describes the function of pumped hydro during periods of low electricity demand?

• It generates additional electricity.

• It stores energy by pumping water uphill.

• It shuts down completely to save resources.

• It redistributes water to nearby rivers.

What percentage of global energy storage capacity is provided by PHES?

• About 50%

• Over 75%

• More than 90%

• Less than 10%

What is the main advantage of closed-loop pumped hydro systems?

• They require natural rivers to operate.

• They are entirely self-contained.

• They have no upfront costs.

• They produce electricity without water.

How does pumped hydro support renewable energy integration?

• By replacing wind and solar energy

• By storing surplus energy from renewable sources

• By producing energy directly from sunlight

• By generating electricity through fossil fuels

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What is a common environmental concern for open-loop PHES systems?

• Greenhouse gas emissions

• Disruption to aquatic habitats

• Excessive use of fossil fuels

• Noise pollution during operation

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What is one major barrier to developing new pumped hydro facilities?

• Lack of scientific research

• High operating costs

• Lengthy regulatory processes

• Limited availability of turbines

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Which country is leading in deploying and upgrading pumped hydro systems?

• France

• China

• Brazil

• India