DISS Week 1 Emergence of Social Sciences

Why might the Age of Enlightenment be considered pivotal for modern science and social sciences?

• It introduced scientific methodologies that ignored systematic observation.

• It laid the groundwork for understanding human societies through a scientific lens.

• It discouraged interactions between natural and social sciences.

• It opposed the integration of mathematics in natural philosophy.

What was a significant consequence of urbanization in the 18th century?

• A complete elimination of social inequalities

• The rise of slums and the need for social reforms

• The end of population growth in urban areas

• The decline of economic systems such as capitalism

Karl Marx provided the first general theory of social science. What was a likely reason his ideas were groundbreaking during the 19th century?

• He focused exclusively on individual psychology.

• He addressed the socio-economic inequalities emerging from industrial capitalism.

• He emphasized the role of religion as the sole factor in societal development.

• He dismissed the importance of class struggles in shaping history.

What was a significant change in the social sciences during the 20th century?

• Social sciences were primarily studied by non-specialists and philosophers.

• Social sciences became institutionalized and established as academic disciplines.

• The focus of social sciences shifted entirely to humanities and literature.

• Social sciences ceased to be relevant to practical government and business.

Why is social science considered a tool for understanding past, present, and future connections?

• Because it only studies ancient civilizations

• Because it involves theoretical mathematics

• Because it examines human interactions over time and their implications

• Because it excludes the study of societal changes

Which of the following best describes the focus of natural sciences?

• The study of human emotions and behaviors

• The analysis of nature, plants, animals, matter, energy, and minerals

• The examination of political and social systems

• The exploration of philosophical and ethical issues

What is the primary focus of the humanities?

• The study of natural events and scientific phenomena

• Human beings, their culture, and their expressions of values

• The development of biological and physical sciences

• The analysis of technological and mechanical systems

What methods are commonly used in social science research?

• Experiments and laboratory simulations

• Observation, interviews, surveys, and case studies

• Computational modeling and algorithm development

• Randomized controlled trials exclusively

What is a key difference between natural science and social science methodologies?

• Natural science relies more on mathematically-based methods.

• Natural science avoids using measurements or experiments.

• Natural science does not rely on systematic observation.

• Natural science focuses on qualitative rather than quantitative analysis.

Scientific study of man or human being and their societies in the past and present

(a)