2 Scientific Methods in Psychological Research

What is the first step in the scientific method?

• Analyze Results

• Observation

• Data Collection

• Formulate a Hypothesis

What does the independent variable represent in an experiment?

• The outcome being measured

• The random assignment

• The variable that is manipulated

• The control condition

What is a double-blind experiment designed to eliminate?

• Participant bias

• Data collection errors

• Statistical analysis

• Control variables

Which of the following is an advantage of naturalistic observation?

• Ability to establish causation

• Standardized data collection

• High ecological validity

• High control over variables

Which method collects data from large groups using standardized questions?

• Case studies

• Naturalistic observation

• Surveys and questionnaires

• Correlational studies

What does health psychology study?

• The relationship between behavior and physical health

• The effects of aging on cognition

• The legal implications of psychological findings

• Workplace dynamics

Which subfield of psychology focuses on the assessment and treatment of mental health disorders?

• Environmental Psychology

• Neuropsychology

• Clinical Psychology

• Forensic Psychology

What is the main purpose of random assignment in experiments?

• To ensure control over variables

• To eliminate bias in group assignment

• To measure the dependent variable

• To enhance ecological validity

Which of the following is a LIMITATION of correlational studies?

• They require large sample sizes

• They cannot determine cause and effect

• They identify relationships between variables

• They can establish causation

What is the main advantage of longitudinal studies?

• They provide detailed snapshots of behavior

• They follow the same participants over time

• They are less time-consuming than cross-sectional studies

• They compare different groups at one time