HNUH Empirical Articles

From where did the authors of the first article collect their data?

• CT Scans and Psychological Evaluations

• Academic Assessments and Psychological Evaluations

• MRI Scans and Academic Assessments

• CT Scans and Academic Assessments

What were some of the results from the first article?

• Gray matter volumes were 3-4% below norms for children just above the poverty line and 8-10% lower for children below the poverty line.

• Children in poverty had increased gray matter volume in critical areas tied to school readiness

• Children from low-income households scored 4–7 points higher on standardized tests.

• • Children from families with limited financial resources displayed systematic structural differences in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and hippocampus. 

True or false for the first article:
Structural brain differences partially mediate the poverty-achievement gap, suggesting that providing resources to families in poverty can potentially improve children’s educational outcomes.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Expanding the sample to include broader socioeconomic backgrounds may...
(1st Article)

• • reveal subtler impacts across diverse income levels.

• reveal greater impacts across diverse income levels.

• reveal no impacts across diverse income levels.

• reveal differences across diverse income levels.

For the second article, what hypothesis was presented from the research questions?

• The relationship between mindset and academic achievement is positively correlated.

• Economic disadvantage reinforces the fixed mindset.

• None of the above.

• A fixed mindset is more disadvantageous to economically disadvantaged students.

What data was used for the second article?

• • The Chilean Administration for Assessment of Educational Quality

• • The Chilean System for Measurement of Educational Quality

• • The Chilean System for Assessment of Educational Quality

• • The Chilean Administration for Measurement of Educational Quality

The final data sample from the second article represented...

• 75% of all 10th grade public school students in Chile

• 80% of all 10th grade public school students in Chile

• 60% of all 10th grade public school students in Chile

• 55% of all 10th grade public school students in Chile

What type of regression models did the second article use?

• Multinomial logistic

• Logistic

• Hierarchical linear

• Bayesian linear

What were some of the results from the second article?

• • Both family income and mindset predictably affect student outcomes.

• • The relationship between mindset and student outcomes is practically meaningless when measured against structural factors

• The effect of mindset is stronger on students from low income families than on students from high income families

• • Students from lower income families are more likely to have a growth mindset