Skeletal System Review Part 2

Intramembranous ossification occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone in ossification centers of ​ (a)   membranes, usually during fetal skull development.

Endochondral ossification begins with a ​ (b)   , which has the general shape of the mature bone. The chondrocytes of the cartilage model increase in number, hypertrophy (get smaller), and die and the cartilage matrix becomes ​ (c)   , forming an ossification

center. When chondrocytes die, ​ (d)   invade spaces in the center of the bone and produce bone matrix; ​ (e)   remove bone and calcified cartilage to form the medullary cavity.

• Connective tissue
• Cartilage model
• Calcified
• Osteoblasts
• Osteoclasts

Intramembranous ossification occurs when osteoblasts begin to produce bone in ossification centers of ​ (a)   membranes, usually during fetal skull development.

Endochondral ossification begins with a ​cartilage model , which has the general shape of the mature bone. The chondrocytes of the cartilage model increase in number, hypertrophy (get smaller), and die and the cartilage matrix becomes ​calcified , forming an ossification center. When chondrocytes die, ​ (b)   invade spaces in the center of the bone and produce bone matrix; ​ (c)   remove bone and calcified cartilage to form the medullary cavity. The center part of the diaphysis where bone first begins to appear is called the ​ (d)   Later, ​ (e)   form in the epiphyses.

• Osteoblasts
• Osteoclasts
• Connective tissue
• Primary ossification center
• Secondary ossification centers

As osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the surface of bones between the periosteum and the existing bone, the bone increases in ​ (a)   . Growth in the length of a bone, which is the major source of increased height in an individual, occurs in the ​ (b)   . Just as in endochondral ossification, ​ (c)   increase in number. The chondrocytes line up in columns, hypertrophy, and die. The cartilage matrix is ​ (d)   , and ​ (e)   start forming bone matrix on the surface of the calcified cartilage. This process produces a zone of ossification on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate.

• diameter
• epiphyseal plate
• calcified
• osteoblasts
• chondrocytes

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Bone remodeling involves the removal of old bone by ​ (a)   , and the deposition of new bone by ​ (b)   . Bone is the major storage site for ​ (c)   in the body. Calcium is removed from bones when blood calcium levels​ (d)   , and it is deposited when dietary calcium is adequate.

• osteoclasts
• osteoblasts
• calcium
• decrease

When a bone is broken, the bone bleeds, and a ​ (a)   is formed in the damaged area. Cells from surrounding tissue invade and form a fibrous network of cartilage, which holds the bone fragments together. The zone of tissue repair between the two bone fragments is called a ​ (b)   . Osteoblasts enter the callus and begin forming ​ (c)   bone, which is later remodeled.

• callus
• clot
• cancellous/spongy

Which number is pointing to articular cartilage?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

• calcium storage

• blood-cell production

• support

• vitamin D absorption

• protection

Match the cell with its function:

• maintain bone

• osteoclasts

• build bone

• osteocytes

• break down bone

• osteoblasts

Spongy bone is made up of a lacy network of bone called

• trabecullae

• marrow

• compact bone

• canaliculi

In the center of an ​ (a)   is a central canal containing ​ (b)   . The concentric rings of the osteon are called ​ (c)   . Between the lamellae, ​ (d)   reside in their ​ (e)   and communicate through tiny canals within the osteoid called canaliculi.

• osteon
• blood vessels
• lamellae
• osteocytes
• lacunae

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