Introduction to Applied Physiology

What is the fundamental unit of life?

• Atom

• Molecule

• Cell

• Tissue

Which cellular organelle is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

• Energy production

• Protein synthesis

• Regulating entry and exit of substances

• Storage of genetic information

Which process allows cells to maintain a stable internal environment?

• Metabolism

• Homeostasis

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

The fluid inside a cell, excluding the nucleus, is called:

• Nucleoplasm

• Cytosol

• Protoplasm

• Cytoplasm

Which of the following is responsible for protein synthesis?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

• Golgi apparatus

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material, is the:

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• Cell membrane

Which cell structure is involved in the breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Lysosomes

• Nucleus

In cellular respiration, which molecule is primarily used to produce energy?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Glucose

• Water

What type of transport requires energy input from the cell?

• Passive transport

• Facilitated diffusion

• Active transport

• Osmosis