Group 7

Nontariff barriers (NTBs) are:

• • A. Taxes on imported goods

• • B. Measures to restrict trade using forms other than tariffs

• • C. Restrictions that only apply to exports

• • D. Trade measures that are always monetary

Which of the following is an example of a nontariff barrier?

• • A. Income tax

• • B. Quotas

• • C. Value-added tax

• • D. Import duty

A "voluntary export restraint" (VER) refers to:

• • A. A self-imposed limit on the quantity of goods a country exports

• • B. A restriction imposed by the importing country

• • C. A total ban on exports

• D. A flexible quota system

What impact did COVID-19 have on global trade in 2020?

• • A. Global trade volumes increased sharply

• • B. Global trade remained stable

• • C. Global trade volumes fell by 27% year-on-year in the second quarter

• • D. Global trade was unaffected

During the pandemic, which sector experienced an unprecedented increase in global demand?

• • A. Tourism

• • B. Medical products and personal protective equipment (PPE)

• • C. Automobiles

• • D. Electronics

Which country imposed export restrictions on personal protective equipment (PPE) in March 2020 to prioritize domestic supply?

• • A. United States

• • B. India

• • C. European Union

• • D. Brazil

What is a key challenge arising from nontariff barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic?

• • A. Overproduction of goods

• • B. Increased demand for luxury goods

• • C. Supply chain disruptions and bottlenecks

• • D. Easier compliance with international regulations

Which region strengthened its internal trade agreements in response to supply chain vulnerabilities exposed by COVID-19?

• • A. South America

• • B. Asia-Pacific with RCEP

• • C. Africa

• • D. Middle East

What was one of the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on trade patterns?

• • A. A return to single-source supply chains

• • B. Increased reliance on imported goods

• • C. A shift towards more resilient, diversified supply chains

• • D. A decrease in global digital trade

What recommendation was made to mitigate the negative effects of nontariff barriers during future crises?

• • A. Increase taxes on medical supplies

• • B. Remove all trade restrictions permanently

• • C. Temporarily suspend NTBs on essential goods

• • D. Impose stricter export bans