General Biology 1- Q2 Periodical Summative Test

What does ATP stand for?

• Adenosine Triphosphate

• Adenine Tri-Phosphate

• Adenosine Tetraphosphate

• Adenine Diphosphate

Answer explanation

ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate, which is the correct choice. It is a crucial molecule in energy transfer within cells, unlike the other options which are incorrect variations.

What happens when ATP is broken down?

• It becomes ADP and releases energy.

• It becomes AMP and stores energy.

• It becomes ATP and absorbs energy.

• It becomes glucose and releases energy.

Answer explanation

When ATP is broken down, it loses a phosphate group and converts to ADP, releasing energy that can be used for cellular processes. This makes 'It becomes ADP and releases energy' the correct choice.

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking ATP into ADP?

• ATP synthase

• Kinase

• ATPase

• Phosphatase

Answer explanation

ATPase is the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, releasing energy. This process is crucial for various cellular functions, making ATPase the correct choice for breaking down ATP.

During the ATP-ADP cycle, what molecule is added to ADP to form ATP?

• Oxygen

• Water

• Phosphate group

• Carbon dioxide

Answer explanation

During the ATP-ADP cycle, a phosphate group is added to ADP to form ATP. This process is essential for energy storage in cells, making the phosphate group the correct answer.

What is the primary purpose of ATP in cellular functions?

• To store genetic information

• To provide energy for cellular activities

• To facilitate protein synthesis

• To transport oxygen

Answer explanation

The primary purpose of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is to provide energy for cellular activities. It acts as the main energy currency in cells, fueling processes such as muscle contraction, active transport, and biochemical reactions.

Which process is responsible for regenerating ATP from ADP?

• Glycolysis

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Fermentation

Answer explanation

Cellular respiration is the primary process that regenerates ATP from ADP, utilizing glucose and oxygen to produce energy. Glycolysis, photosynthesis, and fermentation also involve ATP, but cellular respiration is the main pathway for ATP regeneration.

What molecule is produced during the breakdown of ATP that stores energy?

• NADH

• Glucose

• Phosphate

• Oxygen

Answer explanation

During ATP breakdown, a phosphate group is released, which can be used to store energy in other molecules. This makes phosphate the correct answer, as it directly relates to energy transfer in cellular processes.

Where does ATP synthesis primarily occur in a cell?

• Mitochondria

• Nucleus

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

Answer explanation

ATP synthesis primarily occurs in the mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place. The nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes do not play a direct role in ATP production.

In the ATP-ADP cycle, what happens to the energy released when ATP is broken down to ADP?

• It is absorbed by the mitochondria.

• It is used for cellular work, such as muscle contraction.

• It is stored in the nucleus.

• It is released as heat only.

Answer explanation

When ATP is broken down to ADP, the energy released is utilized for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, making it essential for cellular work.

The ATP-ADP cycle is a key part of which broader cellular process?

• Protein synthesis

• Cell division

• Energy metabolism

• DNA replication

Answer explanation

The ATP-ADP cycle is crucial for energy metabolism as it involves the conversion of energy stored in ATP to ADP, releasing energy for cellular processes. This cycle is fundamental to how cells generate and utilize energy.