Review PMME - Sensation and Perception

What does "bottom-up processing" refer to in perception?

• Processing based on prior knowledge and experience

• The analysis of sensory information starting from raw data input

• Interpretation influenced by expectations and context

• Conversion of stimuli into meaningful patterns in the brain

According to the text, each sensory receptor has its own "receptive field." This term refers to ...

• The part of the body where a receptor is located

• The area of sensory space in which a stimulus will trigger the receptor

• The brain region where sensory input is processed

• The number of neurons a receptor is connected to

The "law of specific nerve energies" proposed by Johannes Muller suggests ...

• All neurons respond equally to any form of stimulation

• A nerve’s function is determined by its structural properties

• Each nerve has a specific type of energy that corresponds to a certain type of sensation

• The energy in nerves is identical regardless of the sensory input

Which of the following best describes the role of photopigments in vision?

• Photopigments convert visual information into sound waves

• Photopigments help amplify the color perception in dim light

• Photopigments absorb light, initiating a chemical change that ultimately leads to neural signals

• Photopigments primarily function to increase blood flow to the retina

In the visual pathway, what role does the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) play?

• It acts as a primary site of visual memory storage

• It relays visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex

• It is the first site of color processing in the visual system

• It converts visual information into auditory signals for further processing

Which type of visual cells is primarily responsible for detecting fine detail and color?

• Rods

• Cones

• Ganglion cells

• Bipolar cells

Which structure is responsible for processing sound localization in the auditory system?

• Cochlea

• Pinna

• Inferior colliculus

• Medial geniculate nucleus

What is the primary role of the vestibular system?

• To process auditory stimuli for spatial orientation

• To maintain balance and detect head position

• To amplify sound waves before they reach the cochlea

• To enhance olfactory signals

Which neurotransmitter is crucial for the sensation of pain in the central nervous system?

• Dopamine

• Acetylcholine

• Substance P

• GABA

The primary motor cortex is responsible for initiating which of the following?

• Reflexive movements of the limbs

• Planning and initiating voluntary movements

• Modulating balance and coordination

• Processing sensory feedback from muscles