Exploring Behavioural Psychology Concepts

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

• Removing a loud noise when a rat presses a lever

• Giving a dog a treat for sitting on command

• Taking away a teenager's phone for breaking curfew

• Scolding a child for not doing homework

In classical conditioning, what is the term for the stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response?

• Conditioned Stimulus

• Neutral Stimulus

• Unconditioned Stimulus

• Conditioned Response

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

• Giving a child a timeout for misbehaving

• Taking away a child's toy for hitting a sibling

• Giving a student extra homework for talking in class

• Praising a student for good behaviour

What is the main goal of behaviour modification techniques?

• To increase the frequency of undesirable behaviours

• To decrease the frequency of desirable behaviours

• To change behaviour patterns through reinforcement and punishment

• To eliminate all behaviours

In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, what was the conditioned response?

• The sound of the bell

• The sight of the food

• Salivation in response to the bell

• Salivation in response to the food

Which of the following is an example of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

• A factory worker is paid for every 10 products made

• A student receives a grade at the end of the term

• A fisherman catches a fish after an unpredictable amount of time

• A person checks their phone for messages at random times

What is the term for the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response?

• Generalisation

• Extinction

• Spontaneous Recovery

• Discrimination

Which of the following is an example of shaping in behaviour modification?

• Teaching a dog to roll over by rewarding it for lying down, then for rolling onto its back, and finally for completing the roll

• Giving a child a sticker every time they complete their homework

• Ignoring a child's tantrum until it stops

• Scolding a student for talking during class

In classical conditioning, what is the process called when a conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second conditioned stimulus?

• Higher-order conditioning

• Stimulus generalisation

• Stimulus discrimination

• Spontaneous recovery

Which of the following is an example of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

• A student receives a pop quiz at random times throughout the semester

• A salesperson earns a bonus for every fifth sale

• A dog receives a treat every time it sits on command

• A person receives a paycheck every two weeks