Population Genetics

Which of the following conditions is necessary for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

• Non-random mating

• Large population size

• High mutation rate

• Natural selection

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

• A random mutation in a gene

• A population bottleneck

• Predators preferentially eating slower prey

• Gene flow between two populations

What is the heterozygous advantage in the context of sickle cell anemia?

• Heterozygous individuals have a higher risk of malaria

• Heterozygous individuals are resistant to malaria

• Heterozygous individuals have sickle cell disease

• Heterozygous individuals have no advantage

Gene flow is best described as:

• The movement of alleles between populations

• The random change in allele frequencies

• The formation of new alleles

• The selection of advantageous traits

What is the role of mutation in population genetics?

• It decreases genetic diversity

• It maintains Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

• It introduces new genetic variation

• It eliminates harmful alleles

• Frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype

• Frequency of the heterozygous genotype

• Frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype

• Total allele frequency

How does natural selection affect allele frequencies in a population?

• It causes random changes

• It favours alleles that increase fitness

• It decreases genetic diversity

• It increases mutation rates

What is the effect of gene flow on genetic variation between populations?

• It increases variation within populations

• It decreases variation between populations

• It increases variation between populations

• It has no effect on variation

In a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.3, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?

• 0.3

• 0.5

• 0.7

• 1.0

In which scenario is heterozygous advantage most likely to occur?

• In a stable environment with no selective pressures

• In an environment where a specific allele provides a survival benefit

• In a population with high genetic diversity

• In a population undergoing genetic drift