Exam 2: Long Term Memory Inferences

What is a schema in the context of long-term memory?

• A specific memory of a past event

• General knowledge that meaningfully organizes information

• A type of short-term memory

• A method for improving memory retention

Which of the following is an example of an event schema?

• A list of vocabulary words

• A script for dining at a restaurant

• A mathematical formula

• A historical timeline

What type of inference involves using prior knowledge to understand spatial relations?

• Logical inference

• Pragmatic inference

• Deductive reasoning

• Inductive reasoning

In the context of advertising, what is the difference between assertion and implication?

• Assertion is a direct statement, while implication suggests something indirectly

• Assertion is always true, while implication is always false

• Assertion is used in legal contexts, while implication is used in casual conversation

• Assertion is a question, while implication is an answer

When are inferences typically made in the memory process?

• Only during encoding

• Only during storage

• Only during retrieval

• During encoding, storage, and retrieval

What was the main finding of the Helen Keller experiment in memory research?

• People remember more details when they know the subject is famous

• People make inferences based on prior knowledge about the subject

• People have better memory for visual information than auditory information

• People can only remember information if it is presented in a narrative form

What is the memory-trace replacement hypothesis?

• New information can replace old memories

• Memories are stored in a fixed location in the brain

• Memories are never altered once they are stored

• Memories are replaced by dreams during sleep

What is a common issue with eyewitness memory?

• It is always accurate and reliable

• It can be influenced by misinformation

• It is unaffected by leading questions

• It is only useful in non-criminal cases

Which of the following is NOT a component of a cognitive interview?

• Encouraging the witness to speak slowly

• Asking the witness to change perspectives

• Using hypnosis to enhance memory

• Reinstating the context of the event

What is the purpose of using sequential presentations in line-ups?

• To confuse the witness

• To reduce the likelihood of false identifications

• To speed up the identification process

• To ensure all suspects are seen at once