Unit 5 Gene Expression Review

The diagram below illustrates the various types of point mutations. Which specific type of point mutation is known to cause a modification in the DNA sequence without impacting the amino acid sequence of a protein?

Reorder the following events of protein synthesis.

• DNA assembles a mRNA

• mRNA binds to the rRNA

• A peptide bond forms between amino acids

• tRNA anticodon attaches to the mRNA codon

• mRNA leaves the nucleus

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What is this molecule? What does it do?

• rRNA, a critical component of ribosomes, which function as molecular machines responsible for synthesizing proteins within cells."

• mRNA,  Transport protein information from the DNA within a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm.
  

• tRNA, Transporting amino acids to the ribosome and verifying that the appropriate amino acid is incorporated into the elongating protein chain.

• microRNA, small, non-coding RNA molecules that help cells regulate gene expression

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Identify the different components of the structure.

a

b

Amino Acid

Ribosome

Nitrogen Base

Anticodon

Codon

Nucleotide

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The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop.

Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

• Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes

• 
  Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins

• 
  Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development

• 
  Because internal and external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The mutation of genes within each cell type

• 
  The use of different methods of cell division

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During the process of differentiation

• None of these

• ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

• all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

• only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

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In the diagram, the process occurring in the nucleus of the cell is ----

• transcription, the decoding of DNA into a messenger RNA molecule

• translation, the decoding of DNA into a messenger RNA molecule

• translation, the production of proteins from messenger RNA

• transcription, the production of proteins from messenger RNA

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• F

• G

• H

• J

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Stem Cells developing a specific role or function is known as ​ ​ ​ (a)  

• differentiation
• gene expression
• freedom of choice
• role selection

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B.5A Cell Cycle