AP Biology Semester 1 Final Review Day 2

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Prokaryote

,

(b) Both

,

(c) Eukaryote

• Simple

• No membrane-bound organelles

• DNA

• Animal

• Fungi

• Nucleus

• Cell Membrane

• Protist

• Plant

• Membrane-bound organelles

• Bacteria

• Complex

• Large

• Unicellular

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosomes

• No nucleus

• Multicellular

• Archea

• Small

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Which of the following best explains why a cell’s plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids rather than just a single layer?

• Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows only the hydrophilic heads to interact with water inside and outside of the cell.

• Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows the hydrophilic heads to repel water both inside and outside of the cells.

• Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids gives cells more protection from the exterior environment than just a single layer would.

• Having two identically oriented layers of phospholipids allows for the production of vacuoles while still maintaining a protective barrier.

According to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship originating when an early ancestor of eukaryotic cells engulfed a prokaryotic cell. Which of the following does NOT represent a piece of evidence to support this theory?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own protein synthesis machinery

• Mitochondrial and chloroplast chromosomes are surrounded by a single layer of membrane

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts can self-replicate

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?

• Evolution of the mitochondria allowed eukaryotes to perform respiration.

• With the evolution of mitochondria in eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain also evolved.

• Evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.

• A nucleus in bacteria provides separation of respiration from transcription.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Match the following information to the correct transport.

Groups:

(a) Active Transport

,

(b) Passive Transport

• osmosis

• endocytosis

• phagocytosis

• little to no energy

• exocytosis

• low to high concentrations

• pumps

• pinocytosis

• simple diffusion

• facilitated diffusion

• requires ATP

• high to low concentrations

In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, reorder the following artificial cells from the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion to the least.

• Cube

• Sphere

• Cylinder

• Tetrahedron

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of five solutions. After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1).  Which solutions are hypotonic to the bag?

• Grape Juice

• NaCl

• Grape Soda

• Tap Water

A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only permeable to water and small diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into one of five solutions. After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured their final mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1). Based on Table 1, which of the following best explains the difference in water potential between certain solutions and the grapes?

• Grape soda and NaCl have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water.

• NaCl and tap water have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water.

• Tap water and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water.

• Grape soda and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water.

Identify the components of the plasma membrane.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

Channel Protein

Glycoprotein

Glycolipid

Cholesterol

Integral (transmembrane) Protein

Peripheral Protein

Phospholipid Bilayer

The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?

• Glucose is transported into the cell by active transport.

• Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport.

• The movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis.(energy)

• Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis (energy)