Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide

Christian humanists contributed to the reformation because they

• supported a powerful Roman Catholic Church that exerted influence in secular matters.
• suggested that religion should be tailored to meet the needs of the people.
• urged people to return to the values and practices of the early Christian church.
• taught that the Bible should be interpreted by well-educated scholars who would then teach others.

What was the one key belief shared by the different Anabaptist sects?

• Only adults should be baptized.
• Property should be distributed equally among all people.
• There should be a state religion.
• Violent protest was the best way to quickly achieve social change.

How did Copernicus and other astronomers affect the way people viewed the universe?

• Their experiments proved that the ancient classical astronomers had been correct about how the universe functioned.
• Their observations supported the Ptolemaic view of the universe.
• Their discoveries reinforced traditional Church teachings on Earth, the stars, and other planets.
• Their observations proved that the universe was heliocentric.

The ideas of Francis Bacon and René Descartes led to a new scientific method because they both believed that

• the discoveries of the ancient philosophers were valid but should be documented in a modern way.
• truth could only be determined after a process of investigation.
• the traditional teachings of the Church should form the basis of all scientific inquiry.
• basic scientific fact is obvious to those who look hard enough at available data.

Some of the most profound work of the Scientific Revolution came from Isaac Newton. His work included

• the discovery that the heart pumps blood through the circulatory system.
• the development of a microscope that could see tiny organisms.
• the discovery that certain chemicals are the building blocks of life.
• the discovery that motion in the universe can be measured and described mathematically.

What characteristic was shared by all the important scientists of the Scientific Revolution?

• The belief that the ancient philosophers were correct in their original observations of the laws of nature.
• The belief that traditional methods of inquiry and discovery were correct, but needed greater accuracy.
• The importance of challenging authority at all times in the pursuit of truth.
• Truth is only achievable through a process of inquiry and observation.

He developed a single lens telescope to view the planets and confirmed Copernicus's views.

• Andreas Vesalius
• Galileo Galilei
• Galen
• William Harvey
• Ambroise Paré

He used Tycho Brahe's data to calculate the orbits of the planets.

• Johannes Kepler
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Galen
• William Harvey
• Ambroise Paré

His studies with the human circulatory system proved that the heart pumps blood throughout the body.

• Andreas Vesalius
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• Galen
• William Harvey
• Ambroise Paré

King Henry VIII hoped that by breaking with the Catholic Church he would

• end papal authority in England.
• become the leading figure in the Protestant Reformation.
• ensure the right of his daughters to inherit the throne.
• free Church worship from Catholic rituals.