AS Review (1st Part)

What is an independent variable in an experiment?

• The variable that is measured and affected by the experiment

• The variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

• The variable that is manipulated or changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable

• The variable that is unrelated to the experiment

The dependent variable in an experiment is:

• The variable that is manipulated.

• The variable that is measured or observed.

• The variable that remains constant.

• The variable that is not considered during the experiment.

Which of the following best describes a null hypothesis?

• A statement predicting that there will be a significant effect or relationship between variables

• A statement that assumes no effect or relationship between variables

• A hypothesis based on previous observations and research

• A statement that explains the causes of an observed phenomenon

The alternative hypothesis suggests that:

• There is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables

• The observed effect is due to chance.

• The data will show no significant results

• There is a significant effect or relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

What is a primary goal of conducting an interview in research?

• To gather qualitative data through personal interaction.

• To gather numerical data from large samples.

A questionnaire is typically used to:

• Observe behavior in natural settings

• Collect responses that can be easily quantified or categorized

• Gather only open-ended responses from participants

Which of the following is an example of a close-ended question?

• "Can you explain what you think about the new policy?"

• "Can you describe your experience with the service?"

• "How often do you use this product? (Never, Occasionally, Often, Always)"

Open-ended questions are typically used to:

• Obtain fixed, quantifiable responses

• Limit the range of possible answers

• Encourage detailed, qualitative responses

Which research method involves an in-depth, detailed examination of a single individual, group, or event?

• Survey

• Experiment

• Case study

The case study of Anna O. was significant because it:

• Introduced the concept of classical conditioning

• Marked the development of Freud's psychoanalytic theory and psychotherapy

• Led to the discovery of cognitive-behavioral therapy