Test 1 (2nd Quarter) Introduction to Philosophy

What is the book that Immanuel Kant wrote?

• Critique of Pure Reason

• Critique of Rationalism

• Critique of Empiricism

• Critique of Idealism

Kant’s philosophy is an attempt to reconcile Rationalism with Empiricism. What are the two kinds of judgements he recognized?

• analytic or synthetic.

• simple or compound

• political or natural

• true or false

What is the kind of judgment in which the predicate is contained in the subject and the truth of such judgments depends on the definition of its terms?

• analytic judgment

• synthetic judgment

• hypothetical judgment

• relative judgement

What is the kind of judgment in which the predicate is not contained in the subject. The truth of such judgments depends on how the world really is?

• synthetic judgment

• analytic judgment

• hypothetical judgment

• relative judgement

A _________ are not established through sense experience (apart from learning a language). They are necessary and universal. Example: “Triangles have three sides.”

• posteriori judgments

• priori judgments

• synthetic Judgement

• relative judgement

A __________ are established through sense experience. They are not necessary or universal. Example: “Mars has two moons.”

• posteriori judgments

• a priori judgments

• logical deductions

• mathematical truths

The analytic/synthetic distinction has to do with what makes a judgment true; the a priori/a posteriori distinction has to do with what makes a judgment ______________.

• knowable

• valid

• logical

• empirical

Kant called his philosophy transcendentalism idealism. It is ____________ because it goes beyond, or transcends sensation to those things that human reason contributes to knowledge. It __________ because it makes objects of knowledge, and reality, dependent on the mind.

• transcendental, idealism

• empirical, realism

• material, dualism

• logical, positivism

Who is the young mathematician who thought it might be good to overthrow Aristotelian-Thomism altogether?

• Rene Descartes

• John Locke

• George Berkeley

• David Hume

What is the Incoherence Objection?

• It is the Objection which explain that dream argument requires a distinction between wakefulness and sleep and it claims there is no such distinction.

• It is the Objection which explain that the Evil Demon argument uses illusion to undermine our confidence in sensation

• It explains that the existence of God guarantees that there is a material world that corresponds to our ideas.

• It explains that we had innate, synthetic a priori knowledge. Such knowledge is universal and necessary, but not limited to sense experience.