CHAPTER 8

What is the primary focus of motivation?

• The evaluation of employee performance

• The process of leading a group

• The process by which efforts are energized, directed, and sustained

• The study of leadership traits

Which of the following is NOT one of the three key elements of motivation?

• Creativity

• Persistence

• Energy

• Direction

What does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory emphasize?

• The impact of group dynamics on motivation

• The role of leadership in motivation

• The hierarchy of five needs within every person

• The importance of financial incentives

According to McGregor's Theory X, workers are assumed to:

• Enjoy their work and seek responsibility

• Prefer collaborative decision-making

• Be self-motivated and independent

• Dislike work and need close supervision

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory distinguishes between:

• Short-term and long-term goals

• Individual and group motivation

• Positive and negative reinforcement

• Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

What is the need for achievement (nAch) primarily focused on?

• Desire to hold authority and control

• Drive to excel and achieve personal standards

• Desire for social relationships

• Desire for financial rewards

Which leadership style involves centralizing authority and dictating work methods?

• Laissez-Faire

• Democratic

• Participative

• Autocratic

The Ohio State studies identified which two factors that differentiate effective leaders?

• Motivation and satisfaction

• Consideration and initiating structure

• Task-oriented and people-oriented

• Autocratic and democratic styles

What is the primary focus of employee-oriented leaders according to the Michigan studies?

• Maximizing productivity

• Strict adherence to rules

• Interpersonal relations and individual needs

• Technical job aspects

What does the Managerial Grid emphasize?

• Motivation and job satisfaction

• Leadership traits and behaviors

• Concern for people and concern for production

• Team dynamics and collaboration