Quiz on Cardiovascular and Bone Biomarkers

What is FGF-23 primarily produced by?

• Osteocytes

• Adipocytes

• Chondrocytes

• Osteoblasts

High levels of FGF-23 are associated with which of the following conditions?

• Increased bone density

• Decreased risk of CV events

• Left ventricular hypertrophy

• Improved kidney function

What does a DEXA scan measure?

• Blood pressure

• Bone mineral density

• Lipid profile

• Cardiac output

What condition was diagnosed in the 74-year-old man in Case 1?

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia

• Chronic kidney disease

• Osteoporosis

What is the role of Cathepsin K in the body?

• Vascular calcification

• Insulin secretion

• Bone resorption

• Bone formation

Which biomarker is proposed to be a novel marker of adipogenesis?

• FGF-23

• Osteocalcin

• Cathepsin K

• Osteoprotegerin

What does OPG stand for?

• Osteopontin growth

• Osteoblast precursor gene

• Osteocalcin protein

• Osteoprotegerin

What is the primary function of Osteopontin (OPN)?

• Regulating blood pressure

• Promoting bone formation

• Inhibiting bone resorption

• Recruiting immune cells

What biomarker inhibits the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts osteoclast?

• OC

• TRACP5b

• OPN

• OPG

What is the significance of elevated serum osteocalcin levels?

• Decreased risk of fractures

• Increased risk of cardiovascular events

• Improved bone density

• Lower cholesterol levels