AP Biology Study Guide chapter 2 & Scientific Method

One of several atomic forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, thus differing in atomic mass.

• Product

• Atom

• Isotope

• Element

Match the following

Terms and definitions

• Reactant

• The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

• Product

• A material resulting from a chemical reaction

• Molecule

• The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

• Electronegativity

• Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

• Atom

• A starting material in a chemical reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

Match the following

Terms and Definitions

• Mass Number

• An energy level of electrons at a characteristic average distance from the nucleus of an atom

• Orbital

• The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus

• Electron Shell

• The number of protons in the nucleus of atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript

• Atomic Number

• The three dimensional space where an electron is found 90% of the time

• Valence Shell

• The outermost energy shell of an atom

A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule.

• Chemical bond

• Ionic bond

• Covalent bond

• Hydrogen bond

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter

• Chemical reaction

• Chemical equilibrium

• Physical reaction

• Chemical bond

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Match the following

Terms and Definitions

• Compound

• The total mass of an atom, numerically equivalent to the mass in grams of 1 mole of the atom

• Element

• Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

• Atomic mass

• An atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge

• Covalent bond

• A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

• Ion

• A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

A measure of mass for atoms and subatomic particles; the same as atomic mass unit or amu.

• Element

• Gram

• Dalton

• Kelvin

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-7

In a chemical reaction, the state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, so that the relative concentrations of the reactants and products do not change with time.

• Chemical reaction

• Chemical bond

• Chemical equilibrium

• Covalent bond

Identify the independent variable:

What effect does high temperature have on radish germination?

Answer explanation

The independent variable is the one that is intentionally changed in an experiment.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

Write a testable question for the hypothesis below:

If plants are watered, then growth height will increase.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-1