AS Level Chapter 11

1. What is motivation in a business context?

• Employee pay levels
• Desire to complete tasks
• Company profits
• Rewards for management

Answer explanation

Motivation is the desire employees have to complete tasks efficiently, contributing to organizational goals.

2. Which theorist emphasized motivation through financial rewards?

• Maslow
• Mayo
• Taylor
• Herzberg

Answer explanation

Taylor focused on scientific management and believed financial incentives like piece-rate pay were the primary motivators.

3. According to Maslow, which need must be met first?

• Safety
• Esteem
• Social
• Physiological

Answer explanation

Physiological needs, such as food and shelter, are the foundation of Maslow's hierarchy and must be satisfied before other needs.

4. Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg’s theory?

• Recognition
• Salary
• Personal growth
• Responsibility

Answer explanation

Herzberg identified salary as a hygiene factor, which prevents dissatisfaction but does not motivate.

5. What did Mayo’s Human Relations Theory emphasize?

• Financial rewards
• Teamwork and communication
• Strict supervision
• Individual incentives

Answer explanation

Mayo's theory highlights the importance of teamwork, social factors, and communication in enhancing employee motivation.

6. What is the top level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

• Safety
• Esteem
• Self-actualization
• Social

Answer explanation

Self-actualization is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, focused on achieving one's potential.

7. Which of the following best describes job enrichment?

• Assigning routine tasks
• Increasing decision-making authority
• Switching tasks regularly
• Removing challenging tasks

Answer explanation

Job enrichment increases employee responsibility and authority, aligning with Herzberg's motivators.

8. Which motivational need did McClelland identify as the need for friendly relationships?

• Power
• Achievement
• Affiliation
• Status

Answer explanation

McClelland’s Affiliation need is the desire for friendly relationships and positive interactions with others.

9. In Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, which term refers to the confidence that effort will lead to success?

• Valence
• Expectancy
• Instrumentality
• Reward

Answer explanation

Expectancy is the belief that putting in effort will lead to successful performance.

10. Which non-financial motivator allows employees to gain varied skills by switching tasks?

• Job enlargement
• Job rotation
• Job enrichment
• Job specialization

Answer explanation

Job rotation involves switching tasks, which allows employees to gain new skills and reduce boredom.