Pre-test: Cause & Effect

Which of the following best describes a cause in a passage?

• The result of an action

• The action that leads to a result

• A statement of opinion

• A detail unrelated to the main idea

In a reading passage about environmental pollution, what might be a possible effect of increased carbon emissions?

• Improved air quality

• The development of new technologies

• Global warming

• Higher crop yields

If a passage states that "Due to heavy rainfall, the river overflowed its banks," what is the cause?

• Heavy rainfall

• The river overflowing

• Flooding in the town

• Dam construction

What effect is likely described in the sentence: "As a result of the new law, traffic accidents decreased significantly"?

• The implementation of the new law.

• Traffic accidents remained the same.

• Traffic accidents increased.

• There was a significant decrease in traffic accidents.

In a passage about heart disease, which of the following might be a cause?

• Regular exercise

• High cholesterol levels

• Eating fruits and vegetables

• Drinking water

Which of the following pairs represents a clear cause and effect relationship?

• He enjoys reading; he goes to bed early.

• The sun rises; it is daytime.

• The flowers bloom; it rains.

• She studied hard; she passed the exam.

If a reading passage explains that "Due to the lack of funding, the school had to cut several programs," what is the effect?

• Several programs were cut.

• The school received more funding.

• Parents complained.

• Students became more engaged.

In a discussion about obesity, which of the following could be a cause?

• Increased physical activity

• Balanced diet

• Consumption of fast food

• Regular medical check-ups

What is the effect of saying, "The factory's pollution caused many health issues in the nearby community"?

• The factory was built.

• Health issues arose in the community.

• The community prospered.

• Pollution levels dropped.

In a passage discussing climate change, which statement indicates a cause?

• Many species are becoming extinct.

• Temperatures are increasing globally.

• People are becoming more aware of environmental issues.

• Deforestation contributes to rising carbon levels.