Unit 2: Cells (Part 2) Test Review

Avery is studying cell biology and wants to understand how the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) works with lysosomes. What is the relationship between these two organelles?

• Rough ER makes proteins that are consumed by lysosomes.

• Rough ER connects the cell’s internal membranes to lysosomes.

• Rough ER makes enzymes and the lysosomes use those enzymes to break down waste.

• Rough ER makes the lipid membranes that surround lysosomes.

Answer explanation

The rough ER synthesizes enzymes that are packaged into lysosomes. These enzymes are crucial for lysosomes to break down waste materials, highlighting their interdependent roles in cellular function.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Aria is working on a project about cell structures and organelles. She wants to create an explanation of how the various organelles interact to meet the cell’s need for proteins while preventing too many proteins from collecting inside the cell. Which of the following would be the BEST explanation for Aria to use?

• The ribosomes that cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum manufacture proteins. These proteins are sent to lysosomes where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. Proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by the Golgi apparatus.

• The surface of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum manufactures proteins. These proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. Proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

• The ribosomes that cover the Golgi apparatus manufacture proteins. These proteins are sent to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. Proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

• The ribosomes that cover the rough endoplasmic reticulum manufacture proteins. These proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and sorted based on their destinations. Proteins no longer needed by the cell are broken down by lysosomes.

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum produce proteins, which are then sent to the Golgi apparatus for modification and sorting, while lysosomes break down unneeded proteins.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

In a biology class, Harper is learning about cell structures. Which organelle helps the ribosomes by providing instructions for synthesizing proteins?

• the endoplasmic reticulum

• the Golgi apparatus

• the mitochondrion

• the nucleus

Answer explanation

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and provides the instructions for protein synthesis. It interacts with ribosomes, which are responsible for translating these instructions into proteins, making it the correct answer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Anika is studying how different organelles interact to maintain a cell's homeostasis. Which describes an interaction between the Golgi apparatus and another organelle?

• The Golgi apparatus stores nutrients provided by the mitochondria.

• The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins created by ribosomes.

• The Golgi apparatus collects genetic information to be used by the nucleus.

• The Golgi apparatus sends and receives chemical signals for the membrane.

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins created by ribosomes, which are essential for cell function. This interaction is crucial for transporting proteins to their destinations, maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Maya is looking at a model of a cell in her biology class. What type of cell does the picture show?

• a eukaryotic cell, because it contains chloroplasts

• a prokaryotic cell, because it contains energy releasing mitochondria

• a eukaryotic cell, because it contains a nucleus

• a prokaryotic cell, because it has compartmentalized organelles

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'a eukaryotic cell, because it contains a nucleus.' Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. The presence of a nucleus is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

James is learning about the cell membrane in his biology class. What is the main function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis?

• To produce energy for the cell

• To regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell

• To synthesize proteins for the cell

• To store genetic information

Answer explanation

The main function of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis is to regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell, ensuring that essential nutrients enter and waste products exit.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Olivia is examining a diagram of a cell and wants to know which organelle is responsible for storing genetic information. Can you help her identify it?

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Golgi apparatus

• Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer explanation

The nucleus is the organelle responsible for storing genetic information in the form of DNA. It acts as the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and cell division.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Lucas is learning about the process of photosynthesis in his biology class. Which organelle is primarily involved in this process?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The chloroplast is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy. Mitochondria are involved in energy production, ribosomes in protein synthesis, and the nucleus contains genetic material.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

During a lab experiment, Ethan observes that a cell is unable to produce proteins. Which cell structure is most likely malfunctioning?

• Ribosome

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

• Cell membrane

Answer explanation

Ribosomes are the cell structures responsible for protein synthesis. If a cell cannot produce proteins, it is likely that the ribosomes are malfunctioning, making them the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

During a biology lab, Ethan notices that a cell is unable to break down waste materials. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosome

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Chloroplast

Answer explanation

The lysosome is responsible for breaking down waste materials in a cell. If a cell cannot break down waste, it indicates a malfunction in the lysosome, making it the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2