Exploring Kepler's Planetary Motion

What shape are the orbits of planets according to Kepler's First Law?

• Circular

• Elliptical

• Parabolic

• Hyperbolic

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which of the following best describes Kepler's Second Law, also known as the Area Law?

• Planets move faster when they are farther from the Sun.

• Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times.

• Planets have circular orbits.

• The speed of a planet is constant.

Kepler's Third Law relates the orbital period of a planet to which of the following?

• The planet's mass

• The planet's distance from the Sun

• The planet's speed

• The planet's size

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What is the significance of Kepler's Laws in understanding planetary motion?

• They explain why planets have moons.

• They describe the motion of planets in the solar system.

• They predict the weather on planets.

• They determine the color of planets.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which of the following statements is true about the orbital period of a planet?

• It is the time taken for a planet to rotate once on its axis.

• It is the time taken for a planet to complete one orbit around the Sun.

• It is the time taken for a planet to move from one hemisphere to another.

• It is the time taken for a planet to change its orbit.

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Who was Johannes Kepler?

• A famous mathematician known for his work on calculus.

• An astronomer who formulated the laws of planetary motion.

• A physicist known for the theory of relativity.

• A chemist known for discovering oxygen.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

According to Kepler's First Law, where is the Sun located in a planet's orbit?

• At the center of the orbit

• At one of the foci of the ellipse

• Outside the orbit

• At the edge of the orbit

What does Kepler's Second Law imply about the speed of a planet in its orbit?

• The speed is constant throughout the orbit.

• The speed varies, being faster when closer to the Sun and slower when farther away.

• The speed is fastest at the farthest point from the Sun.

• The speed is slowest at the closest point to the Sun.

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What was one of Kepler's major contributions to astronomy?

• He discovered the planet Neptune.

• He developed the heliocentric model of the solar system.

• He formulated the three laws of planetary motion.

• He invented the telescope.

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