Early Buddhism

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

• Life is suffering.

• Craving in connection to things is the source of suffering.

• It is possible to end the suffering.

• • There is a path which leads one away from craving and suffering,

• Suffering causes the dissatisfaction of life.

Based on the firth Nobel Truth:

1. 1. Things are constantly ​ (a)   , and the existence of change entails ​ (b)   .

2. 2. The world is the things that have come into existence based on ​ (c)   .

• changing
• decay
• causes
• reproducing
• attachment
• suffering

Based on the second Noble Truth, which of the following is not the cause of the suffering?

• Separation from the loved

• Aging

• Feelings

• Hunger

​ (a)   explains the causal connection between several mental states that lead to the ​ (b)   .

• the chain of dependent origination
• the creation of suffering
• the cycle of rebirth
• the illusion of happiness
• craving in connection to things

People whose understanding of life is darkened by (a)   , ​ (b)   , and aversion condemn themselves to spinning round and round on this wheel, dying only to be (c)   in the same suffering state eternally.

• ignorance
• reborn
• craving
• fabrication
• becoming
• contact

At any giving moment, one can choose to stop suffering by recognizing ...

• All things are impermanent.

• All things are unsatisfactory.

• All things are without self.

• All things exist for a purpose.

Which of the following is NOT part of the Eightfold Path?

• Right Speech

• Right Livelihood

• Right Compassion

• Right Concentration

The steps of the Eightfold Path can be categorized into three categories: wisdom, moral conduct, and mental cultivation. Please categorize the following steps.

Groups:

(a) wisdom

,

(b) moral conduct

,

(c) mental cultivation

• right speech

• right concentration

• right mindfulness

• right effort

• right livelihood

• right intention

• right action

• right view

Based on the Eightfold Path, having ​ (a)   is to see and understand the four noble truths, and ​ (b)   is to have the goal of ending suffering as result of this understanding of fundamental truths about human life.

• a right view
• right intention
• right motivation
• right cultivation

According to the Story of Buddha, Buddha was a Hindu prince whose father protected him from witnessing any suffering to ward off a prophecy. Until one day, he encountered the Four Signs:

• an aged man

• a sick man

• a dead man

• an ascetic

• a divorced man