8.7B Newton's Laws of Motion Corrections

Vehicle Restraints: A car comes to a sudden stop when the driver applies the brakes. The passengers inside the car continue to move forward until restrained by their seat belts. Which of Newton's Laws explains this, and what happens to the force acting on the passengers if the mass of the passengers increases?

• Newton's First Law; the force remains the same

• Newton's First Law; the force increases

• Newton's Second Law; the force remains the same

• Newton's Second Law; the force increases

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Amusement Park Ride: On a roller coaster, riders are pushed back into their seats as the ride accelerates forward. Which of Newton’s Laws explains why the riders feel pushed back, and how does the mass of the riders affect this feeling?

• Newton's First Law; the mass of the riders does not affect the feeling.

• Newton's Second Law; the greater the mass, the stronger the feeling.

• Newton's Third Law; the mass of the riders does not affect the feeling.

• Newton's Second Law; the mass of the riders does not affect the feeling.

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Sports Activity: In a game of baseball, a player hits the ball with a bat. The bat applies a force to the ball, sending it flying toward the outfield. At the same time, the ball applies an equal force back on the bat. Which of Newton’s Laws explains the interaction between the bat and the ball?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• Law of Universal Gravitation

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Rocket Launch: A rocket is launched into space by expelling gas downward. The gas pushes the rocket upwards, overcoming the force of gravity. How do Newton’s Laws explain the launch of the rocket?

• Newton's First Law: An object in motion stays in motion.

• Newton's Second Law: Force equals mass times acceleration.

• Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation: Every mass attracts every other mass.

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Tectonic Plate Activity: When two tectonic plates collide, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other, sometimes causing earthquakes. Which of Newton's Laws is demonstrated in this interaction?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Amusement Park Drop Tower: On a drop tower ride, the riders stay at rest at the top of the tower until released. Once released, they accelerate towards the ground. Which of Newton’s Laws applies to the rider’s motion at the top and during the fall? SELECT TWO.

• Newton’s First Law: The riders stay at rest at the top due to inertia.

• Newton’s Second Law takes over as gravity causes the riders to accelerate toward the ground.

• Newton's Third Law: Gravity exerts an equal and opposite force on the riders.

• None of Newton's Laws

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Sports Activity – Soccer: When a soccer player kicks a stationary ball, the ball accelerates toward the goal. How do Newton’s First and Second Laws apply to the motion of the ball and the force exerted by the player?

• Newton's First Law states that an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force, and Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration.

• Newton's First Law states that force equals mass times acceleration, and Newton's Second Law states that an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force.

• Newton's First Law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, and Newton's Second Law states that force equals mass times acceleration.

• Newton's First Law states that an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force, and Newton's Second Law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

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Vehicle Restraints: During a crash, the seatbelt restrains the passenger, preventing them from continuing forward. (a)   explains why the passenger continues moving forward until restrained by the seatbelt.

• Newton's First Law
• Newton's Second Law
• Newton's Third Law

Rocket Launch – Force and Mass: A small rocket and a larger rocket are launched with the same amount of force. Which rocket will accelerate more?

• The small rocket

• The larger rocket

• Both will accelerate equally

• Neither will accelerate

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Match the following laws with their descriptions related to tectonic plate activity.

• The law that explains the equal and opposite forces experienced by tectonic plates during an earthquake.

• Newton's Third Law

• The law that relates the force between tectonic plates to their mass and acceleration during movement.

• Newton's First Law

• The law that describes the tendency of tectonic plates to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

• Newton's Second Law

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