ICP Unit 5 Test Review - Energy

Samuel is learning about physics and wonders what is the term for the capacity to perform work?

• power

• force

• energy

• momentum

Answer explanation

The term for the capacity to perform work is 'energy'. Energy is what allows work to be done, while power refers to the rate of doing work, force is an influence that causes motion, and momentum is the quantity of motion.

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Avery is conducting an experiment in the lab. During the experiment, what type of energy is released when a chemical reaction occurs?

• chemical potential energy

• thermal energy

• nuclear energy

Answer explanation

During a chemical reaction, the stored energy in the bonds of the reactants is released as chemical potential energy. This energy can manifest as heat, light, or other forms, but it originates from the chemical potential energy.

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Hannah is riding her bicycle down a hill. Which type of energy is the energy of motion?

• kinetic energy

• chemical energy

• heat energy

• light energy

Answer explanation

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. As Hannah rides her bicycle down the hill, her movement represents kinetic energy, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

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Kai is playing with a ball and throws it up in the air. As the ball falls back down, which type(s) of energy does it have?

• potential energy because it still has a distance to move before it hits the ground and kinetic energy because it is moving

• only kinetic energy because it still has a distance to move before it hits the ground

• only potential energy because it is moving

• kinetic energy because it still has a distance to move before it hits the ground and potential energy because it is moving

Answer explanation

As the ball falls, it has potential energy due to its height and kinetic energy because it is in motion. Both types of energy are present until it hits the ground.

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Mia is learning about different types of energy in her science class. She wants to know which type of energy is stored energy?

• chemical

• mechanical

• kinetic

Answer explanation

Chemical energy is stored energy found in the bonds of chemical compounds. Unlike kinetic energy, which is energy in motion, chemical energy is potential energy that can be released during a chemical reaction.

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Rohan and Grace are visiting a hydroelectric dam. Which type of energy is water held back by the dam?

• chemical potential energy

• gravitational potential energy

• kinetic energy

• mechanical energy

Answer explanation

The water held back by the dam possesses gravitational potential energy due to its height above the ground. When released, this energy can be converted into kinetic energy as the water flows down.

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Mia and Arjun are observing a swinging pendulum at the park. Which type of energy does the swinging pendulum demonstrate?

• only potential energy

• both potential and kinetic energy

• only kinetic energy

• chemical energy

Answer explanation

The swinging pendulum demonstrates both potential and kinetic energy. At its highest point, it has maximum potential energy, while at its lowest point, it has maximum kinetic energy, illustrating the conversion between the two forms.

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Olivia is observing an ice cube melting on a warm day. Which statement describes what happens to the molecules in the ice as it melts, according to the kinetic theory?

• The molecules move slower and form a rigid structure.

• The molecules gain energy and move more freely.

• The molecules lose energy and become more ordered.

• The molecules stop moving completely.

Answer explanation

As the ice melts, the molecules gain energy from the warmth, causing them to move more freely. This increased movement leads to the transition from a solid state to a liquid state, which aligns with the kinetic theory.

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Jackson is measuring the temperature of a cup of coffee. Which statement about temperature is correct?

• Temperature is the same thing as heat.

• Temperature is an indirect measurement of the heat energy in a substance.

• Temperature is the same thing as energy.

Answer explanation

The correct statement is that temperature is an indirect measurement of the heat energy in a substance. Temperature indicates how hot or cold something is, while heat refers to the total energy of molecular motion.

Rohan and Grace are learning about heat transfer. What collides and creates a movement of heat called conduction?

• molecules

• atoms

• electrons

• photons

Answer explanation

Conduction occurs when heat is transferred through direct contact. In this process, molecules collide and transfer energy, making 'molecules' the correct answer. Atoms, electrons, and photons do not directly describe this heat transfer method.

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