Spread of Islam in Europe and Asia

The advent of Islam in Arabia led to a drastic unification of the previously divided Arab tribes and states.

• After 661 CE

• During the time of Rasool Hazrat Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم)

• After the Abbasid Caliphate

• During the rule of Abdul Rahman I

Tariq ibn Ziyad led the Umayyad forces across the Strait of Gibraltar and expanded the empire up to the Pyrenees Mountains in

• Sindh

• Spain

• Egypt

• Anatolia

Under the Umayyad Caliphate, much literature and poetry were produced, and translations were made into Arabic from

• Sanskrit

• Persian

• Hebrew

• Greek

The defeat of the Umayyad dynasty began with the second Arab siege in 717 CE, weakening their power it was the siege of

• Battle of Tours

• Siege of Baghdad

• Siege of Constantinople

• Battle of Badr

After the fall of the Umayyad dynasty, Abdul Rahman I fled to Spain and established a new rule in

• Damascus

• Cairo

• Cordoba

• Samarkand

The Umayyad general Tariq bin Ziyad led his army across the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 CE, capturing land in Spain in

• 722 CE

• 711 CE

• 750 CE

• 685 CE

The Reconquista was the gradual Christian campaign to recapture the Iberian Peninsula, ending with the fall of Granada in

• 1236 CE

• 711 CE

• 1492 CE

• 1031 CE

Under Umayyad rule, became a center of arts and learning, gaining worldwide recognition for its culture

• Marrakesh

• Cordoba

• Toledo

• Granada

It is built for Muhammad I in 1238 CE, is a famous example of Islamic architecture and one of the Seven Wonders of the Muslim World.

• Great Masjid of Cordoba

• Alhambra Palace

• Dome of the Rock

• Blue Mosque

The personality contributed significantly to modern surgery through his book on medical care, wounds, and trauma injuries was

• Ibn Habib

• Al-Farabi

• Al-Zahrawi

• Ibn al-Baytar