Quiz on Atomic Structure

Experimental evidence indicates that the nucleus of an atom

• contains most of the mass of the atom

• contains a small percentage of the mass of the atom

• has no charge

• has a negative charge

An experiment using alpha particles to bombard a thin sheet of gold foil indicated that most of the volume of the atoms in the foil is taken up by

• electrons

• protons

• neutrons

• empty space

In an experiment, alpha particles were used to bombard gold foil. As a result of this experiment, the conclusion was made that the nucleus of an atom is

• smaller than the atom and positively charged

• smaller than the atom and negatively charged

• larger than the atom and positively charged

• larger than the atom and negatively charged

When alpha particles are used to bombard gold foil, most of the alpha particles pass through undeflected. This result indicates that most of the volume of a gold atom consists of

• neutrons

• protons

• deuterons

• unoccupied space

Experiments with gold foil indicated that atoms

• usually have a uniform distribution of positive charges

• usually have a uniform distribution of negative charges

• contain a positively charged, dense center

• contain a negatively charged, dense center

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Experiments performed to reveal the structure of atoms led scientists to conclude that an atom’s

• positive charge is evenly distributed throughout its volume

• negative charge is mainly concentrated in its nucleus

• mass is evenly distributed throughout its volume

• volume is mainly unoccupied

In Rutherford’s gold foil experiments, some alpha particles were deflected from their original paths but most passed through the foil with no deflection. Which statement about gold atoms is supported by these experimental observations?

• Gold atoms consist mostly of empty space.

• Gold atoms are similar to alpha particles.

• Alpha particles and gold nuclei have opposite charges.

• Alpha particles are more dense than gold atoms.

The modern model of the atom shows that electrons are

• orbiting the nucleus in fixed paths

• found in regions called orbitals

• combined with neutrons in the nucleus

• located in a solid sphere covering the nucleus

John Dalton was an English scientist who proposed that atoms were hard, indivisible spheres. In the modern model, the atom has a different internal structure. Which experiment led scientists to develop the modern model of the atom?

• Rutherford's gold foil experiment

• Thomson's cathode ray experiment

• Millikan's oil drop experiment

• Bohr's hydrogen spectrum experiment

In the wave-mechanical model, an orbital is a region of space in an atom where there is

• a high probability of finding an electron

• a high probability of finding a neutron

• a circular path in which electrons are found

• a circular path in which neutrons are found