2.5-2.6 Memory

What is semantic memory?

• Memory for personal experiences and events

• Memory for general knowledge, facts, and concepts

• Memory for skills and procedures

• Memory for emotional responses

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

• Remembering the formula for photosynthesis

• Recalling your 10th birthday party

• Knowing how to ride a bike

• Recognizing the face of a celebrity

A flashbulb memory refers to:

• Memories formed during periods of high emotion that are vivid and detailed

• Short-term memories that fade quickly

• Memories of childhood events

• Recollections of daily routines

Priming occurs when:

• People forget details of past events

• Exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a later stimulus

• Individuals recall information without conscious awareness

• Information is organized into categories

Context-dependent memory suggests that memory retrieval is improved when:

• The physical environment matches the one where the memory was encoded

• A person is in the same emotional state as when the memory was encoded

• Information is learned in a highly structured environment

• Memories are rehearsed in the presence of others

The encoding specificity principle states that:

• Information is best recalled when the retrieval context matches the encoding context

• Memories fade due to a lack of use

• Rehearsal is essential for long-term memory storage

• Emotional memories are more easily retrieved than neutral ones

State-dependent memory refers to:

• The phenomenon where memories are better recalled when a person is in the same physical location as when the memory was formed

• The improved recall of information when a person is in the same mental or physical state as during encoding

• The ability to recall memories based on repeated exposure

• The tendency for emotional memories to be stored more easily than neutral ones

Mood-congruent memory suggests that:

• We remember things more accurately when we are in a neutral emotional state

• People tend to recall memories that are consistent with their current mood

• Emotional memories are more difficult to retrieve than neutral ones

• Negative moods enhance the accuracy of memory retrieval

The serial position effect refers to the tendency to:

• Forget the middle items of a list

• Better recall the first and last items in a list

• Rehearse information to improve memory

• Organize information into categories for easier recall

Interleaving is a study technique that involves:

• Focusing on a single subject or topic until it is mastered

• Alternating between different topics or skills to improve learning and retention

• Reviewing material just before a test

• Repeating information multiple times in a row