Chapter 8-10 Test Study Guide

What drives the convection cycles within the Earth's asthenosphere?

• the energy from the Earth's core

• the rotation of the Earth on its axis

• gravitational forces from Earth's moon

• the electromagnetic radiation from the sun

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What process primarily results in the formation of igneous rock?

• solidification of molten magma or lava

• decomposition of plant and animal matter

• collection and hardening of sediment over time

• altering of pre-existing rock by intense heat and pressure

Changes in the Earth's lithosphere are caused by:

• the outflow of heat from the Sun

• convection within the Earth's crust

• the rotation of the Earth around its axis

• convection cycles within the asthenosphere

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The diagram shows the stages in the formation of a mountain due to plate movements.

What led to the formation of the mountain shown in the diagram?

• folding at a transform boundary

• divergence of two continental plates

• convergence of two continental plates

• convergence of an oceanic and continental plate

How can plate tectonics account for similar geological features such as mountains and trenches found on different continents? 

• It strongly suggests that meteor impacts created these features simultaneously across multiple continents.

• It displays evidence showing that the earth’s atmosphere is uniformly affecting all the continents across the globe.

• It indicates that continents have moved over time, separating these features that were once a part of the same landmass. 

• It implies to a direct correlation between human activities and identical environmental impacts occurring across all continents worldwide.

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Why is the distribution of fossil fuels uneven across the Earth? 

• Fossil fuels are primarily found on mountaintops.

• Fossil fuels are most abundant in regions with many animals.

• Fossil fuels are evenly spread but are only discovered in certain locations.

• Fossil fuels mainly exist in areas where ancient plants and animals once thrived.

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What type of rock forms when hot, liquid magma inside the Earth cools and hardens?

• igneous rock, such as granite

• metamorphic rock, such as marble

• clastic sedimentary rock, such as sandstone

• non-clastic sedimentary rock, such as limestone

What type of plate boundary is most likely to form due to the process of sea-floor spreading?

• none of the above

• transform boundary

• divergent boundary

• convergent boundary

How do plate tectonics account for the formation of mountains and trenches? 

• Mountains and trenches are the results of meteorite impacts.

• Mountains and trenches are formed when tectonic plates move and collide.

• Mountains form due to cumulus cloud formation and trenches due to rainfall.

• Mountains form on land, while trenches form underwater due to different weathering processes.

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What is the primary reason that minerals are not evenly distributed on Earth? 

• They solely exist in the Earth's crust.

• They are mainly located near the Earth's poles.

• They are mainly found in places where tectonic plates meet.

• They are primarily located in areas with dense human populations.

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