The Battle of Thermopylae

Who was the leader of the Greeks during the battle described by Herodotus?

• Xerxes

• Leonidas

• Herodotus

• Darius

What was the response of Leonidas when asked to lay down arms and retreat?

• "We surrender."

• "We will fight to the end."

• "Come and take them."

• "We will retreat peacefully."

How many days did the Persians wait before attacking the Greeks?

• Two days

• Three days

• Four days

• Five days

What formation did the Greeks use in the battle?

• Cavalry charge

• Phalanx of spearmen

• Archers in a line

• Infantry square

What was the name of the elite Persian soldiers mentioned in the text?

• The Immortals

• The Invincibles

• The Guardians

• The Warriors

How did Xerxes reportedly react during the battle?

• He laughed at the Greeks.

• He stood up three times, fearful for his safety.

• He ordered a retreat.

• He joined the battle himself.

What was the outcome of the first wave of Persian attacks?

• The Greeks were defeated.

• The Persians were repulsed.

• The battle ended in a draw.

• The Greeks retreated.

What did Xerxes reportedly do to any soldier who failed in the next day's battle?

• Rewarded them

• Promoted them

• Levied a death penalty

• Sent them home

What was the strategic advantage of the Greeks' position in the battle?

• They had more soldiers.

• They were on higher ground.

• They were wedged into a narrow pass.

• They had better weapons.

Who was the Persian leader during this battle?

• Cyrus

• Darius

• Xerxes

• Artaxerxes