Ref Sci Rev and Enlightenment Review

Base your answer to the following question on the quote below. "Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if he used the money to buy an indulgence." Who would most likely agree with this quote?

• Niccolo Machiavelli

• Galileo Galilei

• Pope Leo X

• Martin Luther

Which of the following contributed most directly to the influence the action of this cartoon had on Europe?

• promotion by the Catholic Church

• wealth of Italian city-states

• invention of the printing press

• Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy

Which of the following led most directly to the action in this cartoon?

• sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church

• Protestant Reformation

• development of new technology during the Renaissance

• the Enlightenment

The action in this cartoon is most closely associated with which document?

• Gutenberg's Bible

• Machiavelli's The Prince

• John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion

• Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses

Which claim is best supported by the map?

• The Protestant Reformation began in Sweden.

• The Catholic Church remained influential in Spain after the Protestant Reformation.

• The Holy Roman Empire was the most powerful empire in Europe during the Protestant Reformation.

• Scotland became Protestant before England.

Which scientific theory is supported by the work of Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler?

• cell theory

• atomic theory

• theory of evolution

• theory of a heliocentric universe

One way in which the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment are similar is that both

• Led to increased power for royal families in Europe

• Sought to reconcile Christian beliefs and science

• Questioned traditional values and past practices

• Promoted nationalistic revolutions in eastern Europe

Base your answer to the question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. [When] the legislature shall . . . grasp [for] themselves, or put into the hands of any other, an absolute power over their lives, liberties, and estates of the people, . . . they forfeit the power the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it [passes] to the people, who have a right to resume their original liberty. . . . – John Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government Which idea is expressed in this passage?

• The people should give up their liberty to create an orderly society.

• People have the right to rebel if their natural rights are denied.

• Governments should be obeyed regardless of their actions.

• Liberty can only be guaranteed in a direct democracy.

"If man in the state of nature is free, if he is absolute lord of his own person and possessions, why will he give up his freedom? Why will he put himself under the control of any person or institution? The obvious answer is that rights in the state of nature are constantly exposed to the attack of others. Since every man is equal and since most men do not concern themselves with equity and justice, the enjoyment of rights in the state of nature is unsafe and insecure. Hence each man joins in society with others to preserve his life, liberty, and property." – John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1690 This statement provides support for the

• elimination of laissez-faire capitalism

• formation of government based on a social contract

• continuation of absolute monarchy

• rejection of the natural rights philosophy

Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor .... -Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws In this passage, Montesquieu is making reference to

• an enlightened despotism

• a policy of mercantilism

• a separation of powers

• a social contract