Mini #2 (Industrial Revolution, Labor, Urbanization, Prog. Era)

How did the introduction of the Bessemer process affect the American Economy?

• Manufacturers could produce cheaper and better steel.

• Suppliers could now communicate instantly over long distances.

• Industrial workers successfully obtained shorter hours and other benefits.

• Entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller could refine petroleum more cheaply.

How did the development of large-scale steel production by Andrew Carnegie and other entrepreneurs impact the United States?

• It made possible the spread of railroad tracks and the construction of bridges and buildings.

• It promoted greater equality between men and women in the workplace.

• It reduced the length of the average workday for industrial workers.

• It reduced the nation's earlier demand for iron ore.

What was the significance of the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act (1887) and the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?

• It encouraged big business to grow by passing protective tariffs.

• It prevented poor quality goods from being shipped across state lines.

• They were both used to break up labor unions that interfered with free enterprise.

• They established the principle that the Federal Government could regulate business in certain cercumstances.

What would a comparison of the First and Second Industrial Revolution show?

• The First depended on new inventions but the Second did not.

• Both the First and Second relied almost entirely on water power.

• Both relied on telecommunications to send messages over long distances.

• Both saw improvements in transportation although a truly national market only emerged in the Second.

Which business practice led to the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?

• Some businesses established monopolies over their industries.

• Railroads unfairly charged more for "short hauls" than for "long hauls."

• A large number of business owners refused to let their workers join labor unions.

• Corporations were generally able to raise more capital than individual entrepreneurs.

What motivated Henry Flagler to build the Florida East Coast Railway?

• to encourage the U.S. government to build a canal in Panama.

• to bring tourists to the luxury hotels he had built along the Florida coastline.

• to create a refuge for people immigrating to the United States from Latin America.

• to build a "dream town" with money he had made from his partnership with John D. Rockefeller.

Why did government leaders generally sympathize with business owners against labor in the late 19th Century?

• Government leaders received money from business and also believed in Laissez-Faire.

• Government leaders were followers of new ideologies from Europe such as socialism.

• Government leaders did not believe that conditions for industrial workers were all that bad.

• Government leaders feared violence from business owners if they took the side of workers.

How were the Homestead (1892) and Pullman Strikes similar?

• Both were ended by federal court injunctions.

• Both were led by union organizer Eugene V. Debs.

• Both ended in important defeats for organized labor.

• Both involved armed confrontations between workers and Pinkertons.

What was an important consequence of the Haymarket Riot?

• led to the dissolution of the Knights of Labor

• rally of public opinion in favor of workers

• victory of workers in the Homestead Strike

• Break-up of the American Federation of Labor.

What was a consequence of the rapid growth of cities in the late 1800's?

• the decline of political machines in the Midwest

• the migration of poor workers to the suburbs

• a decrease in the gap between rich and poor

• the rapid growth of tenements and ghettos