Food Sci: Carbohydrates QUIZ

Which of the following best describes the difference between monosaccharides and disaccharides?

• Monosaccharides are made of two sugar units, while disaccharides are made of one.

• Monosaccharides are single sugar units, while disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides linked together.

• Both are complex carbohydrates.

• Disaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Which of the following is a primary function of carbohydrates in the human body?

• Building genetic material

• Providing a quick source of energy

• Forming cell membranes

• Synthesizing hormones

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Which of the following foods is the best example of a complex carbohydrate source?

• Table sugar

• White bread

• Brown rice

• Honey

Which process describes how carbohydrates are converted into energy in the body?

• Photosynthesis

• Glycolysis

• Transcription

• Filtration

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which of the following statements best explains why fiber, a type of carbohydrate, is important in the diet?

• It is the main source of energy for the brain.

• It helps regulate blood sugar by slowing glucose absorption.

• It is stored as glycogen in muscles.

• It is broken down quickly for immediate energy.

A student is planning a balanced meal and wants to include a healthy source of carbohydrates. Which combination would best meet this goal and why?

• White bread and soda, because they provide quick energy.

• Brown rice and vegetables, because they offer complex carbohydrates and fiber.

• Candy and fruit juice, because they are high in simple sugars.

• Butter and cheese, because they are low in carbohydrates.

Given a scenario where an athlete needs sustained energy for a marathon, which type of carbohydrate should they focus on consuming before the event, and why?

• Simple sugars, because they are digested slowly.

• Complex carbohydrates, because they provide a steady release of glucose.

• No carbohydrates, to avoid energy crashes.

• Only fiber, because it is not digested.

A person with lactose intolerance cannot properly digest lactose, a disaccharide found in milk. Which enzyme is lacking in their digestive system, and what is the consequence?

• Amylase; leads to high blood sugar

• Lactase; leads to gastrointestinal discomfort

• Maltase; leads to muscle cramps

• Sucrase; leads to dehydration

Analyze the following scenario: After eating a meal high in carbohydrates, a person's blood glucose level rises. Which hormone is released to help lower blood glucose, and what is its effect?

• Glucagon; increases blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown

• Insulin; promotes uptake of glucose by cells, lowering blood glucose

• Adrenaline; increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis

• Thyroxine; decreases blood glucose by increasing metabolism

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A nutritionist is comparing the energy yield from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. If 1 gram of carbohydrate provides approximately 4 kilocalories, how does this compare to the energy provided by 1 gram of fat, and what implication does this have for dietary planning?

• Fat provides less energy, so it should be the main energy source.

• Fat provides more energy (about 9 kilocalories per gram), so high-fat diets are always healthier.

• Fat provides more energy (about 9 kilocalories per gram), so portion control is important when consuming fats.

• Carbohydrates and fats provide the same amount of energy, so either can be consumed in unlimited amounts.