C4.1 Populations and Communities

What is the primary reason matter can be recycled in ecosystems?

• Matter cannot change states in ecosystems.

• Matter is recycled through biogeochemical cycles.

• Matter is destroyed in ecosystems.

• Matter is only found in solid form.

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Why can't energy be recycled in ecosystems?

• Energy is recycled through photosynthesis and respiration.

• Energy cannot be recycled in ecosystems because it is lost as heat during transfers.

• Energy is stored indefinitely in plants and animals.

• Energy can be created and destroyed in ecosystems.

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How is energy lost by organisms in an ecosystem replaced?

• Via geothermal energy from the earth.

• Through respiration in animals.

• By decomposition of organic matter.

• Through photosynthesis in plants.

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What distinguishes open systems from closed systems in terms of energy and matter?

• Open systems exchange both energy and matter; closed systems exchange energy only.

• Open systems are isolated from their environment; closed systems interact freely with their surroundings.

• Open systems do not exchange matter; closed systems exchange both energy and matter.

• Open systems exchange energy only; closed systems exchange both energy and matter.

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Can energy enter and exit a closed system?

• No, energy cannot enter or exit a closed system.

• Yes, energy can enter a closed system.

• Energy can exit a closed system but not enter.

• Energy can both enter and exit a closed system.

What is the principal source of energy for most ecosystems?

• Nuclear power

• Wind energy

• Sunlight

• Geothermal heat

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Which ecosystems are exceptions to the reliance on sunlight?

• Coral reefs

• Tropical rainforests

• Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and some caves.

• Savannahs

How do ecosystems in caves obtain energy?

• Ecosystems in caves use photosynthesis exclusively.

• Caves obtain energy from geothermal heat alone.

• Caves obtain energy through chemosynthesis and organic material from the surface.

• Caves rely solely on sunlight for energy.

What role does sunlight play in sustaining ecosystems?

• Sunlight cools the Earth and reduces temperatures.

• Sunlight is primarily responsible for soil formation.

• Sunlight has no impact on plant growth or ecosystems.

• Sunlight sustains ecosystems by providing energy for photosynthesis, supporting food chains, and influencing climate.

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What is the significance of laws in science compared to theories?

• Laws provide detailed explanations; theories summarize observations.

• Laws are more complex than theories; theories are simple.

• Laws describe what happens; theories explain why it happens.

• Laws are only applicable in specific situations; theories apply universally.