ELF lecture 1

First channel of the spread of English: c...

Second channel of the spread of English: s...

Third channel of the spread of English: t...

Fourth channel of the spread of English: g...

The concept from 1500s according to which trade is a zero-sum game. It incentivised colonial expansion resulting in the prominence of English

Which of the three concentric circles does Poland belong to?

• The Inner Circle

• The Outer Circle

• The Expanding Circle

• None of them

How did English spread to Singapore?

• settler colonization

• slavery

• trade

• globalization

Ferdinand de Saussure published mostly in

• Latin

• French

• English

• German

English being the language of organizations such as EU, ASEAN, and NATO is an example of what factor that contributed to the emergence of ELF?

• linguistic factor

• political factor

• cultural factor

• technological factor

• grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common

• • Fort creole

• • Plantation creole

• superstrate language

• pidgin