G10 Juristic in Islam

What is ijtihād in Islamic jurisprudence?

• a) Strictly following existing rulings

• b) Personal independent reasoning on issues not directly addressed by the Qur'an or Sunnah

• c) Memorizing hadiths only

Which school of thought relied more heavily on prophetic traditions (hadiths)?

• a) The Iraqi School

• b) The Madinah School

• 
  c) The Egyptian School

Who was a key scholar of the Iraqi School of Fiqh?

• a) Umar ibn al-Khattāb

• b) Abu Hanifah

• c) Abdullah ibn Umar

What was the main reason for the spread of different juristic opinions after the Prophet's (SAW) death?

• a) The companions refused to follow the Qur'an

• b) The companions dispersed to various regions and developed their own legal interpretations

• 
  c) The Qur'an was not available to everyone

Which of the following methods did the Iraqi School emphasize more than the Madinah School?

• a) Relying strictly on prophetic traditions

• b) Using rational reasoning (ra’y) and analogical deduction (qiyās)

• c) Only relying on Qur'anic verses

The Madinah School is known for its reliance on which of the following?

• a) Extensive use of personal opinions

• b) Authentic prophetic traditions (hadiths) and practices of the companions

• c) External sources outside the Qur'an and Sunnah

Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the Iraqi School's methodology?

• a) Limited interaction with non-Muslim cultures

• b) The diverse and expanding culture of the Muslim empire

• c) Direct access to all of the Prophet's companions

How did the companions resolve disagreements on legal matters?

• a) By resorting to violence

• b) Through ijtihād (independent reasoning) and mutual respect

• c) By abandoning ijtihād

What was the primary purpose of the scholars of the Iraqi and Madinah schools?

• a) To create conflict between Muslims

• b) To develop legal rulings and resolve new issues that arose

• c) To abolish all previous rulings made by the Prophet (SAW)