310 Exam1 Review

Sustainable Development is based on two principles. The Principle of _______ states that economic activity should promote social welfare and protect the natural resource base.

Which of the following best describes the triple bottom line?

• Environmental conservation, social justice, and stakeholder interests
• Economic growth, market expansion, and profit maximization
• People, planet, and profit
• Renewable resources, community engagement, and economic regulation

Natural capital refers to:

• Human-made resources like machinery
• Financial investments in green technology
• Natural resources and ecosystem services that support life and economic activity
• Renewable energy sources only

Which of the following is an example of natural capital?

• Solar panels
• Clean air
• Company profits
• Manufactured goods

The Global Ecological Footprint measures:

• A company’s total carbon emissions
• The ecological impact of human activity in terms of resource consumption
• The profits a company generates from sustainable practices
• The amount of waste a company produces

What are negative externalities?

• The financial costs associated with sustainable business practices
• The unintended positive side effects of business operations on the environment
• The unintended negative impacts of business activities on third parties or the environment
• Government regulations that limit business activity

To ‘internalize’ a negative externality means:

• Ignoring the environmental costs of business operations
• Making businesses pay for the environmental and social costs they impose on others
• Shifting environmental costs to the government
• Passing the costs on to consumers without transparency

What is meant by ‘blue oceans’ in a sustainability context?

• Strategies that focus on competition in existing markets
• Finding untapped market opportunities where sustainable innovation can thrive
• Focusing on ocean-related industries only
• Implementing sustainability in mature markets

Which of the following is an example of internalizing a negative externality?

• A company that refuses to adopt sustainable practices
• A government mandating pollution taxes on businesses
• A firm that ignores social responsibility
• Consumers paying more for non-sustainable products

What is the relationship between sustainability and long-term business success?

• There is no relationship between sustainability and business success
• Sustainability can reduce long-term costs, build brand loyalty, and mitigate risks
• Sustainability is a short-term marketing trend that doesn’t impact long-term outcomes
• Only large corporations can benefit from sustainability initiatives