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What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in inferential statistics?

• To determine if there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis based on sample data.

• To determine if the sample data is 100% accurate

• To prove the null hypothesis is always correct

• To confuse researchers with unnecessary calculations

Explain the difference between null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.

• The null hypothesis suggests a significant difference between variables

• The null hypothesis assumes no significant difference or relationship between variables, while the alternative hypothesis suggests there is a significant difference or relationship.

• The null hypothesis always rejects the relationship between variables

• The alternative hypothesis assumes there is no difference between variables

What is a one-tailed test and when is it used in hypothesis testing?

• A one-tailed test is used in hypothesis testing when the hypothesis being tested is directional, specifying the effect's direction.

• A one-tailed test is used when the researcher wants to test multiple hypotheses

• A one-tailed test is used when the data is qualitative

• A one-tailed test is used when the sample size is small

If a statistical test finds that a relationship is significant at p<0.05 this would mean that:

• There is less than a 5% probability the relationship occurred due to chance

• There is a 5% probability the relationship occurred due to chance

• There is more than a 5% probability the relationship occured due to chance

What level of significance would cause a type 2 error?

• 0.01

• 0.05

• 0.1

Ratings of how happy each student feels about their psychology test score.

• Nominal

• Ordinal

• Interval

What is the alternative hypothesis in hypothesis testing?

• A statement that contradicts the null hypothesis, indicating that there is an effect or a difference.

• A measure used to quantify the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis.

• A way to measure how big or important the difference between two groups is.

• A statement that there is no effect or no difference, serving as the default assumption.

Which of the following is a type of parametric statistical test?

• Pearson correlation

• Kruskal-Wallis test

• Spearman correlation

• Wilcoxon signed rank test

Psychologists most commonly use the p-value of p<0.05 because it....

• Strikes a balance between making a type I and type II error

• Decreases the likelihood of making a type I error only

• Because it decreases the likelihood of making a type II error only

This hypothesis states there is ‘no difference’ between the two conditions.

• Alternative hypothesis

• Experimental hypothesis

• Null Hypothesis