Quiz on Anxiety Disorders

Which of the following is a biological explanation of anxiety disorders?

• Classical conditioning

• Genetic inheritance

• Cognitive restructuring

• Dream analysis

What is a de novo mutation?

• A mutation inherited from parents

• A mutation that develops spontaneously

• A mutation that affects the immune system

• A mutation caused by environmental factors

Which gene is associated with the duplication linked to agoraphobia?

• NTRK3

• NTRK2

• DUP25

• NT-3

What was the main finding of Gratacòs et al. (2001) regarding phobia-related genetic mutations?

• DUP25 was found in 90% of people with fear-related disorders

• DUP25 mutation was found equally in both phobic and non-phobic groups

• DUP25 was only found in individuals with agoraphobia

• DUP25 leads to a decrease in anxiety levels

What was a key feature of blood phobia according to Ost (1992)?

• It is caused purely by environmental factors

• It is strongly linked to family history

• It cannot be measured effectively

• It is not related to injection phobia

What behavior is typically seen in people with agoraphobia?

• Seeking crowded places for comfort

• Avoiding situations where escape might be difficult

• Feeling relaxed in public transport

• Thriving in open spaces

According to Mowrer (1947), how is fear maintained?

• Through positive reinforcement

• Through classical conditioning

• Through operant conditioning

• Through cognitive restructuring

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement in anxiety disorders?

• Rewarding someone for facing their fear

• Avoiding a feared situation to relieve anxiety

• Increasing exposure to a feared stimulus

• Punishing avoidance behavior

What is a common reaction in people with blood-injection-injury phobias?

• Increased heart rate

• Decrease in blood pressure

• Panic attacks only in specific settings

• Increased blood pressure without fainting

Which type of conditioning was demonstrated in the Little Albert experiment?

• Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning

• Observational learning

• Social learning