Temperature and Kinetic Energy

Two beakers are filled with different amounts of the same substances at the same temperature. Beaker A is filled with 70g of the substance and beaker B is filled with 50g of the substance. Which of the following statements are true?

• Beaker A and B have the same amount of kinetic energy, but beaker B has more thermal energy.

• Beaker B has more kinetic energy, but they both have the same amount of thermal energy.

• Beaker A has more kinetic energy, but they both have the same amount of thermal energy.

• Beaker A and B have the same amount of kinetic energy, but beaker A has more thermal energy.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

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Look at the image of samples A and B. All particles are the same substance and have the same mass. On average, the particles in sample A have ________ kinetic energy than the particles in sample B. This means the temperature of sample A is ________ the temperature of sample B. Which terms best complete the sentences?

(a)   ​ (b)  

• higher than
• less
• equal to
• equal
• more
• lower than

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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A teacher performs a demonstration for their class using a metal ball and ring like the one in the picture. The teacher asks the students to explain what happens to the ball from step 1 to step 3. Which explanation is the best?

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused them to spread out and increase the size of the ball.

• The particles in the ball gained kinetic energy when the temperature increased, and this caused each particle to increase in size, so the ball expanded.

• The particles in the ball lost kinetic energy to the air when the temperature increased, which caused the particles to spread out and make the ball larger.

• The heat added particles to the ball, which made the ball increase in size.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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The following steps occur during the take off and flight of a hot air balloon. Put them in order of most kinetic energy to least kinetic energy.

• Step 2: The heat source is turned on, and the balloon begins inflating and lifting off the ground.

• Step 1: Before the heat source is turned on, the balloon lies deflated on the ground.

• Step 3: The heat source remains on while the balloon is fully inflated and in the air.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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Thermal expansion joints are often used in regions that have extreme changes in temperature throughout the year. These joints help reduce damage caused by thermal expansion. Consider the images of thermal expansion joints on a bridge during two different seasons. Predict which image shows thermal expansion joints during a hot summer and which image shows thermal expansion joints during a cold winter. Explain your answer.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

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A student places a pot of water on the stove. She turns the stove on high and waits 5 minutes until the water is boiling. How did the energy of the water particles change over the course of the 5 minutes? Explain your answer in terms of thermal energy, kinetic energy, and temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

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