Genomes and Meta-Omics Quiz

What is the primary focus of genomics?

• The examination of RNA sequences

• The analysis of protein structures

• The complete sequence of all genes in an organism

• The study of a single gene

Which organism's genome was the first to be sequenced?

• E. coli

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• virus ϕX174

• Mycoplasma genitalium

What is the cost of sequencing a human genome expected to be soon?

• Approximately $2,000

• Around $5,000

• Less than $1,000

• Over $10,000

What are 'open reading frames' (ORFs)?

• Sequences that do not encode proteins

• Sequences that may encode a protein

• Regions of non-coding DNA

• Fragments of RNA

What is the term for the common set of genes found in all members of a species?

• Metagenome

• Pangenome

• Gene pool

• Core genome

Which bacterium is known for having a 'closed pangenome'?

• Vibrio cholerae

• Prochlorococcus

• Bacillus anthracis

• E. coli

What is a significant feature of streamlined genomes?

• Multiple copies of all genes

• High amounts of intergenic spacer DNA

• Low numbers of regulatory systems

• High numbers of pseudogenes

What does 'horizontal gene transfer' refer to?

• The transfer of genes from parent to offspring

• The movement of genes between unrelated organisms

• The exchange of genes within the same species

• The duplication of genes within a genome

Which of the following is a characteristic of oligotrophic bacteria?

• They grow rapidly

• They thrive in high nutrient concentrations

• They have large genomes

• They are adapted to low nutrient concentrations

What is the primary function of CRISPR in bacteria?

• Immune defense against viruses

• Gene expression regulation

• DNA replication

• Protein synthesis