Organic Chemistry Essentials

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH(2n+2)

• C2nHn

• C3H(2n-1)

• CnH2n

Identify the functional group in alcohols.

• Hydroxyl group (-OH)

• Carboxyl group (-COOH)

• Amino group (-NH2)

• Carbonyl group (C=O)

What type of isomerism involves different arrangements of atoms in space?

• Stereoisomerism

• Structural isomerism

• Conformational isomerism

• Geometric isomerism

Name the simplest alkene and its molecular formula.

• Propene, C3H6

• Butene, C4H8

• Pentene, C5H10

• Ethene, C2H4

What is the functional group characteristic of carboxylic acids?

• Carbonyl group (-C=O)

• Amino group (-NH2)

• Carboxyl group (-COOH)

• Hydroxyl group (-OH)

Define structural isomerism and provide an example.

• An example of structural isomerism is butane (C4H10), which can exist as n-butane (a straight chain) and isobutane (a branched chain).

• An example of structural isomerism is ethanol (C2H5OH).

• Butane is a type of geometric isomerism.

• Structural isomerism only applies to cyclic compounds.

What is the difference between cis and trans isomers?

• Cis isomers have similar groups on the same side; trans isomers have them on opposite sides.

• Cis isomers have different groups on opposite sides; trans isomers have them on the same side.

• Cis and trans isomers refer to the same molecular configuration.

• Cis isomers are always more stable than trans isomers.

Which hydrocarbon has the highest boiling point: methane, ethane, or butane?

• hexane

• octane

• butane

• propane

What is the functional group present in amines?

• Hydroxyl group (-OH)

• Carboxyl group (-COOH)

• Aldehyde group (-CHO)

• Amino group (-NH2)

Explain the concept of resonance in organic compounds.

• Resonance is the formation of ionic bonds in organic compounds.

• Resonance refers to the vibration of molecules at high temperatures.

• Resonance is the absorption of light by organic compounds.

• Resonance is the delocalization of electrons in molecules represented by multiple valid Lewis structures, resulting in a hybrid structure that enhances stability.