Quiz on Atomic Structure

The valence electrons of an atom do not experience the full attractive force of protons in the atom’s nucleus due to the presence of inner core electrons. The reduction in nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons due to inner core electrons is called the

• ionization energy effect.

• nuclear charge effect.

• periodic law effect.

• shielding effect.

A main group element has 81 protons and an estimated effective nuclear charge of 3+. Therefore, the element has _____ core electrons and can be found in Group _____ of the Periodic Table. Which set correctly completes the blanks?

• 84, 3A

• 81, 5A

• 78, 3A

• 78, 5A

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The diagram shows the electron structures of two alkali metals and two halogens. When these elements react and form compounds, alkali metals lose their one valence electron while halogens gain one additional electron to their valence shell. The vigor of the reaction is directly related to the distance of the valence electrons from the attractive pull of the atom’s nucleus. For alkali metals, it becomes easier to lose the valence electron with increasing distance of that electron from the attractive pull of the nucleus. For halogens, it becomes easier to gain an additional electron to the valence shell with decreasing distance of that shell to the attractive pull of the atom’s nucleus. For the given elements, which reaction will proceed most quickly or be the easiest?

• Li and F

• Li and Cl

• Na and F

• Na and Cl

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A mystery element has 18 protons. Which one of the following statements is true about the element?

• The element belongs in row 2 of the periodic table and is classified as a halogen.

• The element belongs in row 3 of the periodic table and is classified as a noble gas.

• The element belongs in row 4 of the periodic table and is classified as an alkali metal.

• The element belongs in row 5 of the periodic table and is classified as an alkaline earth metal.

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The periodic law states that:

• The periodic table arranges elements into periods and groups.

• The properties of elements recur periodically based on their metallic qualities.

• The properties of elements recur periodically when arranged by increasing atomic mass.

• The properties of elements recur periodically when arranged by increasing atomic number.

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When atoms react, they often lose, gain, or share electrons to form a more stable version of themselves. For example, alkali metals such as Na lose their outer shell electron in their reactions to form compounds. The electron configuration of alkali metals would then resemble those of which group of the periodic table in the compounds they form?

• 1A

• 2A

• 7A

• 8A

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In the periodic table hydrogen is placed and Group 1A and helium is placed in Group 8A. The most likely reason for this is:

• Hydrogen has one outer shell electron and helium has a full valence shell of electrons.

• Hydrogen has one outer shell electron and helium has 8 electrons in its valence shell.

• Hydrogen and helium are both metals.

• Hydrogen and helium are both gases.

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The metallic character of elements _____ across a period. Metals are good conductors of _______.

• increases, electricity

• decreases, heat

• decreases, metalloids

• remains the same, luster

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An early arrangement of the then known elements was proposed by a British scientist John Newlands, which he called the Law of Octaves. Like other scientists at the time, Newlands arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and noted that every eighth element had similar physical and chemical properties. In the modern Periodic Table, which of the following represents the final pair of elements for which Newlands’ Law of Octaves would hold true?

• Al and Ga

• Al and Si

• Ne and Ar

• Mg and Ca

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Cations are always _________ than the parent atom and anions are always _________ than the parent atom.

• smaller, larger

• larger, smaller

• equal, equal

• smaller, smaller

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