Unit 4: Key Concepts in Psychology

What is the term for a factor that elicits a response in an organism?

• Stimulus

• Response

• Motivation

• Reinforcement

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment? A) Giving a child a toy B) Taking away a toy C) Scolding a child D) Ignoring a child.

• Giving a child a toy

• Taking away a toy

• Scolding a child

• Ignoring a child

Fill in the blank: Removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior is known as ________.

• A) Positive reinforcement

• B) Negative punishment

• C) Positive punishment

• D) Negative reinforcement

Which concept involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior?

• A) Positive punishment

• B) Negative punishment

• C) Positive reinforcement

• D) Negative reinforcement

Fill in the blank: ________ is the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior.

• A) Positive punishment

• B) Negative punishment

• C) Positive reinforcement

• D) Negative reinforcement

What type of motivation comes from within an individual rather than from external rewards?

• Extrinsic motivation

• Intrinsic motivation

• Learned helplessness

• Modeling

Fill in the blank: Motivation that is driven by external rewards such as money or fame is called ________.

• Intrinsic motivation

• Extrinsic motivation

• Latent learning

• Shaping

Which term describes a condition in which a person feels unable to control or change a situation?

• Latent learning

• Learned helplessness

• Cognitive map

• Shaping

Fill in the blank: ________ is learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

• Modeling

• Latent learning

• Cognitive map

• Shaping

What is the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior called?

• Shaping

• Modeling

• Cognitive map

• Intrinsic motivation